Critical thinking is the result of reflective thinking, logical and focused on making decisions about an issue. The importance of critical thinking skills is evidenced by the incision between critical thinking indicators and competency targets in Permendikbud No. 21 of 2006. Critical thinking can be honed with Learning Cycle 5E with a constructivist approach that facilitates students to observe and research according to learning objectives. This type of research is the Mix Methods which aims to determine the effect of the 5E Learning Cycle in improving students' critical thinking on the material of the solar system. The study was conducted at Junior High School 1 Karangploso with class VII I samples determined through purposive sampling. The research instrument was developed by Radhiallah (2018) in the form of 28 items with 7 indicators of critical thinking. The results showed that: (1) learning the solar system by applying the Learning Cycle 5E model had an average percentage of 90.2% (very good) learning performance and (2) an increase in the critical thinking of Class VII I students on solar system material had an average of average d-effect of 3.42 (very high), so it can be concluded that students' critical thinking skills have increased significantly.

Electricity consumption in Padang Lawas Regency has increased every year, namely 59,962,000 kWh in 2018, and reached 74,060320,5 kWh in 2020. This increase is in line with the population growth rate so that it also has an impact on land availability. Forecasting electricity consumption absolutely must be done because it greatly affects the distribution and availability of electrical energy. There are three problems related to electrical energy resources. First, the availability of electricity will decrease as demand increases. The second is the increase in population which has an impact on improving the quality of life of the community and the availability of electricity. Third, the increase in land conversion is increasingly massive, causing population density and energy needs in the region to increase. For this reason, it is necessary to project the need for electrical energy for the population and land conversion in Padang Lawas Regency in 2021-2050. The objectives of this study can be used as a basis and choice for policy and strategy making in regional development planning by the Padang Lawas Regional Government. This is done so that the problem of electricity availability can be resolved. This research was conducted using the PowerSim Studio 10 application by simulating a dynamic system model involving several variables that influence each other. The results showed that population variables affect land requirements and total energy consumption. Analysis of electricity availability in Padang Lawas Regency until 2050 will experience an increase in electricity consumption accompanied by an increase in population and land conversion. Based on the results of the simulation scenario, the availability of electricity in Padang Lawas Regency can meet the total electricity consumption needs until 2050, either with or without intervention.

<p>Invasi AS ke Irak dalam Perang Teluk III pada 2003-2011 telah menguras logistik dan energi. Militer AS telah mengirimkan kapal induk di Laut Merah dan di Teluk Persia, yang melepaskan sejumlah rudal jelajah Tomahawk dan melakukan penyerangan udara oleh jet tempur M-130, F-117, helikopter Apache, tank M1-Abram, dan M2-Bradley. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis biaya Perang Teluk III dari sisi logistik dan energi pada pihak AS. Metode yang digunakan yakni studi literatur yang dilanjutkan analisis perhitungan berdasarkan data yang diperoleh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kekuatan militer AS dan koalisi telah menghabiskan biaya perang dari sisi energi dan logistik lebih dari 307,5 triliun rupiah. Divisi III Infanteri dengan 1085 Tank M1-Abram mencapai kisaran 70 triliun rupiah, dengan rincian biaya energi 16,5 milyar rupiah dan biaya logistik tank 69,8T. Divisi IV Infanteri dengan 841 Tank M2-Bradley mencapai kisaran 27,5 triliun rupiah, dengan rincian biaya energi 4,5 milyar rupiah dan biaya logistik tank 27,5 triliun rupiah. Divisi Lintas Udara ke-101, dengan 1048 Helikopter Apache mencapai kisaran 210 triliun rupiah, dengan rincian biaya energi 7,3 milyar rupiah dan biaya logistik tank 210 triliun rupiah. Satuan Khusus Operasi Udara-16 dengan Jet Tempur Ac-130 menghabiskan biaya kebutuhan energi 29 juta rupiah/unit.</p>