No abstract

No abstract

Objectives To determine whether a diet supplemented with red raspberry (RB) is effective at reducing angiotensin (Ang) II-induced oxidative stress in the lungs of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Methods Eight-week-old male SD rats were fed an AIN-93M diet alone (control and Ang II) or supplemented with 10% w/w freeze-dried RB powder for a total of seven weeks. At week 4, SD rats were implanted with subcutaneous osmotic minipumps for delivery of 0.9% saline (control) or Ang II (270 ng/kg body weight/day). Following 3 weeks of infusion, rats were sacrificed, and lungs were collected for analysis. Protein expression of the pro-oxidant enzyme, NADPH oxidase (NOX) 4, and antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), catalase, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and NADPH quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1) were assessed by western blot. Results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post-hoc test. Results were normalized to control and presented as means ± standard deviation. Results RB supplementation significantly increased the expression of antioxidant enzymes, including, SOD1 (1.34 ± 0.16, n = 5, vs 1.11 ± 0.13-fold, n = 5, P = 0.04) and catalase (1.50 ± 0.28, n = 5, vs 0.79 ± 0.20-fold, n = 5, P = 0.008), when compared to Ang II alone. Compared to control, however, RB significantly increased SOD1 (1.00 ± 0.05-fold, n = 4, P = 0.004) while catalase did not (1.00 ± 0.40, n = 4, P = 0.07). Similarly, HO-1 (1.66 ± 0.82, n = 5, vs 0.75 ± 0.13-fold, n = 4, P = 0.046) and NQO1 (2.13 ± 0.19, n = 4, vs 1.26 ± 0.14-fold, n = 5, P < 0.0001) were greater in the RB supplemented rats in comparison to Ang II alone. Additionally, RB significantly increased NQO1 (1.00 ± 0.16, n = 4, P < 0.0001) but not HO-1 (1.00 ± 0.43-fold, n = 4, P = 0.22) when compared to control. RB supplementation also decreased the expression of NOX4 (0.77 ± 0.38, n = 5, vs 1.41 ± 0.30-fold, n = 5, P = 0.02) in comparison to Ang II alone. Conclusions Our results suggest the potential for red raspberries to decrease oxidative stress within the lung tissue. As investigations into whole food dietary treatments in lung conditions are essentially non-existent, future work will aim to determine the potential for raspberries to serve as a complementary therapy in these conditions. Funding Sources This work was funded by the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (grant no. 2019–67,017-29,257/project accession no. 1,018,642) from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.

Objectives To examine whether dietary supplementation with raspberries attenuates angiotensin (Ang) II-induced oxidative stress in the kidneys of rats. Methods Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed an AIN-93M diet (control and Ang II groups) or AIN-93M diet supplemented with 10% w/w freeze-dried raspberry (RB + Ang II) for seven weeks. At week 4, rats were implanted with subcutaneous osmotic minipumps that delivered 0.9% saline (control) or Ang II (270 ng/kg body weight/day) for an additional three weeks. Protein expression of antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase 1 (GP × 1) and NADPH quinone dehydrogenase 1 (NQO1), as well as ERK1/2 phosphorylation were assessed by western blot in the kidneys. Results were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey-Kramer post hoc test. Data were normalized to control and are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Results The expression of the antioxidant enzyme GP × 1 was significantly increased with raspberry supplementation (1.33 ± 0.24-fold, n = 9) in comparison to control (1.00 ± 0.18-fold, n = 9, P = 0.009) and Ang II alone (0.93 ± 0.24-fold, n = 9, P = 0.002). The expression of the antioxidant enzyme NQO1 was significantly increased with raspberry supplementation (2.10 ± 0.74-fold, n = 9) in comparison to control (1.00 ± 0.44-fold, n = 9, P = 0.0002) and Ang II alone (0.74 ± 0.16-fold, n = 9, P < 0.0001). Although not significantly, Ang II induced an increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation in comparison to control (1.66 ± 0.45 vs 1.00 ± 0.88-fold, n = 5, P = 0.22). Nonetheless, raspberry supplementation (0.62 ± 0.22-fold, n = 5, P = 0.02) was able to attenuate ERK1/2 phosphorylation in comparison to Ang II alone. Conclusions Our findings indicate that supplementation with raspberry has the potential to significantly increase the expression of antioxidant enzymes in a model of Ang II-induced oxidative stress. Future work will focus on elucidating the mechanism through which raspberries elicit their action in the kidneys. Funding Sources This work was supported by the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (grant no. 2019–67,017-29,257/project accession no. 1,018,642) from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.

Objectives Angiotensin (Ang) II induces inflammation in a number of tissues. Inflammation contribute to the development of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine the effects of raspberry consumption on markers of inflammation in the liver of rats-infused with Ang II. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats (8-week-old) were fed either an AIN-93M diet alone or supplemented with 10% w/w freeze-dried raspberry powder for seven weeks. At week 4, the animals were subcutaneously implanted with osmotic minipumps, delivering 0.9% saline (control) or Ang II (270 ng/kg body weight/day). Diet and treatment were continued for three additional weeks. Hepatic expression of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β were evaluated by western blot. Results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test. Data were normalized to control and are expressed as means ± standard deviation. Results Ang II increased liver expression of IL-6 (1.73 ± 0.12, n = 5, vs 1.00 ± 0.17-fold, n = 5, P = 0.009) while supplementation with raspberry attenuated this effect (1.10 ± 0.14-fold, n = 5, P = 0.021). In contrast, no significant differences were observed in the expression of IL-1 β among groups. Conclusions Raspberry supplementation attenuated Ang II-induced increases in IL-6 expression in the liver. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the effects of raspberry supplementation on Ang II-induced inflammation in the liver. Funding Sources This work was supported by the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (grant no. 2019–67,017-29,257/project accession no. 1,018,642) from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture.