No abstract

Building consumes 40% of global energy consumption which contributes for such a majority amount of carbon dioxide emission. Enhancing the energy efficiency strategies in buildings by retrofitting through different approaches is essential for reducing end user on the amount of energy consumption and carbon footprint emission. Previous research shows that only a few studies have been conducted on retrofitting the energy performance on Rest and Service Area yet the result shows that lack of technical feasibility practice was reviewed. Hence, this paper explores the energy efficiency strategy by improving the lighting performance based on 24 hours service building at Rest and Service Area Ayer Keroh Northbound Malaysia. The simulation that was performed in lighting energy consumption was EnergyPLUS software, Autodesk Revit and RELUX Plug in tool in Revit. Preliminary study was conducted to identity the problem on energy performance at Rest and Service Area Ayer Keroh by determine the total energy consumption by sources and Building Energy Intensity [BEI]. The result shows lighting contributes to the most total load consumption due to lack of energy conservation management and energy efficiency strategy practices. The lighting simulation scenarios was created to enhance the energy consumption performance and reduced the irrelevant carbon footprint emission. The simulation in Revit and EnergyPLUS showed 17% and 49% reduction respectively on the end load of lighting energy consumption by reducing the overall time operation and daylight control dimming system.

Thermal performance of terrace house in Malaysia very much depends on the spatial design due to limited responsive environment factors. Building orientation is one of the important responsive factors under design consideration. The main concerns of the opening’s orientation are solar radiation and wind. In Malaysia, the maximum amount of solar radiation directly affects the thermal performance and thus the orientation of the window should be designed in the way to minimize solar gain and maximize natural ventilation. This paper investigates the effect of building orientation on the thermal performance of the residential room with solar chimney. The case study house facing north was located at Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia. The field measurement was conducted in the case study house compound on 16 may 2012 to obtain the boundaries condition for CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamic) simulation. Four cardinal orientations were selected to investigate the thermal performance via CFD in DesignBuilder. The results show that the south facing window could maintain the lowest air temperature in the indoor environment with mean air temperature of 31.78°C and air mean velocity 0.023m/s with 35°C extreme outdoor temperature and zero wind velocity.

This paper represents the process in selecting the suitable hot press temperature, resin content and percentage of proportion for sawdust and coconut fibre in producing particleboard by investigating the mechanical behaviours (BS EN 310: 1993) and physical properties (BS EN 323:1993, BS EN 324). The process begins with preparation of materials which are sawdust and coconut fibre that were sieved and retained at 5mm sieve with oven-dried. The mixing process of this hybrid particle board which consist from sawdust and coconut fibre with the additional of resin (Urea Formaldehyde) being sprayed and hot pressed. The thickness and density for this experiment were fixed with targeted at 16mm and 650 kg/m 3 respectively. The hot press temperature was manipulated varies from 140 °C, 160°C and 180°C, resin content varies from 6%, 8% and 10%, while the percentage of proportion (%) of sawdust (SD) to coconut fibre (CF) varies from 100SD:0CF, 70SD:30CF, 50SD:50CF, 30SD:70CF and 0SD:100CF of weight. The particleboards were conditioned to room temperature for 7 days before tested for physical and mechanical properties. The results show that the suitable hot press temperature is 160°C, resin content at 8% and percentage of proportion for sawdust to coconut fibre are 30SD:70CF and 0SD:100CF for particleboard where the Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) 2689 N/mm² and 2450 N/mm 2 respectively, Modulus of Rupture (MOR) are 18.74 N/mm 2 and 20.69 N/mm 2 respectively in accordance to BS EN 312:2010.

A kinetic façade, also referred to as a solar responsive façade (SRF), is a movable façade that responds to the amount of light received. The mechanism prevents excessive light from entering while allowing the ideal amount of natural lighting into buildings. Following the green building movement, SRF usage increased because it can both lower heat gain and improve the aesthetics of a building's design. Even though the SRF has many advantages, the façade pattern has become uniform across all cultures, regions, and climates, which results in a lack of identity in building design. This essay will focus on SRF designs that were inspired by Malaysia's Siamese culture. Examining the daylight factor (DF) of three particular Siamese patterns from cultural art, religious art, and cultural craft is the main objective. The designs were then mounted on a wall measuring 5.3 x 6.0 metres with a window-to-wall ratio of 70%. (WWR). Using VELUX Daylight Visualizer 3, the potential Siamese patterns were built as a three-dimensional model and the DF at nine different folding techniques were examined. Based on the percentage of achieving a 1.0 to 3.5 daylight factor in all kinetic folding techniques, the result reveals that the religiously inspired pattern is the best among the three selected Siamese patterns. While the pattern helps to ensure that buildings receive the most natural light possible, the study shows that the folding technique also has a significant impact by reflecting light into the structure.