Social touch may modulate emotions, but the neurobehavioral correlates are poorly understood. Here, we investigated neural responses to a picture of a deceased close person and if neural activity and connectivity are modulated by social touch from one’s romantic partner. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we found altered reactivity in several brain areas including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the anterior insula in response to the personal picture compared to a picture of an unfamiliar person. Hand holding with the romantic partner, compared to being alone, reduced reactivity in the ACC and cerebellum and provided subjective comfort. To separate physical touch from the emotional effect of partner presence, we evaluated hand holding with the partner relative to a stranger and found reduced reactivity in the anterior insula. Connectivity between the anterior insula and the ACC was reduced during partner touch, and the connectivity strength was negatively related to attachment security, with higher reported partner security associated with weaker connectivity. Overall, holding hands with one’s partner attenuates reactivity in emotional brain areas and reduces between-region connectivity.
Archeozoologické spracovanie zvieracích pozostatkov zo šibenice pri Slavkove lenka Jurkovičová arCHaeOzOOlOGiCal aNalysis OF tHe aNiMal reMaiNs FrOM slaVkOV GallOWsABSTRAKT V doplnění kontextu informací o šibenici ze Slavkova byla provedena archeozoologická analýza, s cílem popsat výskyt živočichů na této lokalitě a rozšířit tak možnosti interpretace archeologické situace. Analyzovaný osteologický materiál byl na základě podrobného zhodnocení tafonomických projevů na kostech rozčleněn do dvou chronologických úseků -první náležející původnímu kontextu provozu šibenice, druhý spíše recentního charakteru. Z prvního období pochází šest druhů domácí i volně žijící fauny, v mladší části souboru bylo identifikováno několik druhů malých či drobných savců, a také pozůstatky ptactva. Lidské zásahy, které byly pozorovány na domestikované fauně ve starším období, svědčí o využití těchto zvířat v rámci potravní strategie lidí na popravišti; stopy natrávení žaludečními šťávami a charakteristické lomy na některých kostech volně žijící fauny v obou etapách odkazují na možné nahromadění vývržků dravým ptactvem.KEY WORDS archaeozoology; fauna; animal bones; butchering; subsistence strategies; gallows ABSTRACT With the aim to broaden the context of the Slavkov gallows archaeological situation, an archaeozoological analysis was carried out in order to describe the occurrence of animal species at this site. Based on the detailed evaluation of the bones taphonomic characteristics, the analysed osteological material was divided into two historical periods. The first one belongs to the gallows original context, the second exhibits more recent character. Six species of domestic and wild fauna originate from the former archaeological era; several species of small mammals, as well as bird remains, have been identified in the second part of the collection. Evidence of human manipulations observed on domesticated fauna from the earlier period indicate the use of these animals as a part of the people's subsistence strategy at the execution site; traces of digestion by gastric acids and characteristic fractures on wild fauna bones during both eras refer to the possible accumulation of pellets by birds of prey at this site.KLÍČOVÁ SLOVA archeozoologie; fauna; zvířecí kosti; lidské zásahy; potravní strategie; popraviště
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