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In this study, n-butanol-diesel blends were burned in a turbo-charged, direct injection diesel engine where the brake thermal efficiency, (BTE) or brake specific fuel consumption, (BSFC) was compared with that of ethanol-diesel or methanol-diesel blends in another study by other authors. The test blends used were B5, B10 and B20 (where B5 is 5% n-butanol by volume and 95% diesel fuel-DF). In this study, the BTE was higher and the BSFC improved more than in the other study. Because of improved BTE with increasing brake mean effective pressure, BMEP, the BSFC reduced, however the increased shared volume of n-butanol in DF increased BSFC. Adding n-butanol in DF slightly derated the torque, brake power output with increasing speed, and caused a fall in exhaust gas temperatures, (EGT) which improves the volumetric efficiency and reduces compression work. Therefore, a small-shared volume of n-butanol in DF fired in a turbo-charged diesel engine performs better in terms of BTE and BSFC than that of ethanol or methanol blending in DF.

The use of biofuels that include n-butanol in diesel fuel (DF) is attracting attention in the search for the reduction of emissions into the environment due to the burning of fossil fuel. The performance and combustion characteristics were evaluated in this study using blends B5, B10, and B20 (B5: 5% n-butanol and 95% DF) in a turbo-charged direct injection compression ignition engine. In the n-butanol diesel studies, a comparison was made with other studies that also included biodiesel in order to determine how suitable n-butanol-diesel blends were to use in internal combustion engines. Combustion characteristics of B20 (n-butanol 20% and 80% DF) improved when the study was compared with a similar study that included 40% biodiesel added to B20. A higher value of the standard deviation for DF than the blends was observed from the standard deviation diagram, indicating a more stable combustion process for the blends than DF. Soot reduction relative to DF at 1500 rpm at 75% load for B05, B10, and B20 mixtures was 55.5, 77.8, and 85.1%, respectively. This reduction is a significant advantage of blending DF with smaller shared volumes of bioalcohol.

In order to reduce the effect of emissions on the environment by burning petroleum oil in engines, researchers have sought out one of the solutions to be the blending of oxygenated additives with the fossil fuels. In this study n-butanol was added to a blend of methanol-gasoline fuel. The effects on Combustion and emission are reported using a single cylinder Octane rating BASF internal combustion engine. The results obtained indicated that the combustion duration reduced with increased shared volume of n-butanol in the methanol-gasoline blends. The blends used were M10, (10% methanol 90% gasoline by volume), M10:20 (10% methanol, 20% n-butanol, 70% gasoline), M20:30, M80:10. The peak pressure increased with the methanol fraction in the blend with gasoline. Unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) emissions reduced with m80 to about 300 ppm and reduced even further with 10% n-butanol added to m80 showing that n-butanol has the effect of reducing UHC emissions when methanol fraction is above 20% in gasoline. As n-butanol was increased further by 30% in m20 (M20:30), Nox concentration did not change significantly when comparing values with the blends of m10 and M10:20