This research aims to investigate the effect of various reaction temperatures on the hydrocracking of Cerbera manghas oil to produce biofuel as a paraffin-rich mixture of hydrocarbons with Co-Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst. Co-Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation. The catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N 2 physisorption according to the Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) method, and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The hydrocracking reaction was carried out in a pressure batch reactor, reaction temperatures of 300-375 o C for 2 hours, reactor pressure of 15 bar after flowing H 2 for at least 1 hour, and a catalyst/oil ratio of 1 g/200 ml. The hydrocarbon composition was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). With the Co(0.88%)-Ni(3.92%)/HZSM-5 catalyst, the highest yield for gasoil was 46.45% at temperature of 350 o C. At this reaction temperature condition, the main abundant hydrocarbon compounds in gasoil-like hydrocarbon were n-paraffin, i.e. pentadecane of 20.06 area% and heptadecane of 14.13 area%. Biofuels produced showed that abundant hydrocarbon compounds were different at different reaction temperatures. Iso-paraffin with low freezing point and good flow property were not found in gasoil-like hydrocarbon. Isomerization depends on reaction condition and type of catalyst.

The production of biofuel by hydrocracking of Sunan candlenut oil as renewable energy can substitute fossil energy. The purpose of this work is to produce biofuel by hydrocracking of Sunan candlenut oil with Co-Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst. The catalyst was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method. The characterization of catalyst was determined by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms. The functional groups of the hydrocarbon was determined by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR). The hydrocarbon composition was determined by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that biofuel composition consist of 0.14 area% isoparaffins, 12.29 area% cycloparaffins, 6.87 area% normal paraffins, 4.18 area% olefin, and 10.52 area% aromatics, and oxygenated compounds including 35.03 area% carboxylic acids. It was necessary to be done that the oxygenated compounds in biofuel were eliminated to produce the abundant paraffin hydrocarbons at reaction temperature above 350 o C.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik katalis Cr/SiO2 untuk penggunaannya pada proses perengkahan katalitik CPO serta mengetahui aktivitas katalis Cr/SiO2 pada proses perengkahan katalitik CPO. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian eksperimen laboratorium, katalis hasil sintesis dianalisis dengan metode X-ray Difraktion dan SEM-EDS, katalis Cr/SiO2 hasil sintesis digunakan pada proses perengkahan katalitik CPO dengan memvariasikan jumlah CPO, perbandingan katalis:CPO (1:20;1:25;1:30). Bensin diperoleh memisahkan bensin dari Cairan Hasil Perengkahan (CHP) dengan cara destilasi. Hasil persentase konversi CHP yang diperoleh dari perengkahan katalitik Katalis:CPO (1:20;1:25;1:30) yaitu 58.53%;74.08%;58.76%. Sedangkan persentase konversi bensin pada perengkahan katalitik dengan perbandingan katalis:CPO (1:20;1:25;1:30) yaitu 9,91%;11,23%;8,09%. Arang dari limbah pabrik kelapa sawit dapat dijadikan sumber silika dan bisa disintesis menjadi katalis Cr/SiO2. 2. Katalis Cr/SiO2 sebagian besar mengandung SiO2 yang mempunyai sistem Kristal Hexagonal dan Cr/SiO2 mempunyai sistem Kristal Orthohombic. Namun demikian hasil sintesis katalis Cr/SiO2 pada penelitian ini kurang selektif untuk perengkahan katalitik CPO dibuktikan dengan peningkatan persentase konversi bensin yang tidak terlalu signifikan.

The effect of various reaction temperature on the hydrocracking of Cerbera manghas oil to produce a paraffin-rich mixture of hydrocarbons with Co-Ni/HZSM-5 as doubled promoted catalyst were studied. The Co-Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst with various metal loading and metal ratio was prepared by incipient wetness impregnation. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, AAS, and N2 adsorption-desorption. Surface area, pore diameter, and pore volume of catalysts decreased with the increasing of metals loading. The hydrocracking process was conducted under initial hydrogen pressure in a batch reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer. The reaction was carried out at a temperature of 300-375 o C for 2 h. Depending on the experimental condition, the reaction pressure changed between 10 bar and 15 bar. Several parameters were used to evaluate biofuel produced, including oxygen removal, hydrocarbon composition and gasoline/kerosene/diesel yields. Biofuel was analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The composition of hydrocarbon compounds in liquid products was similar to the compounds in the gasoil sold in unit of Pertamina Gas Stations, namely pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane, octadecane, and nonadecane with different amounts for each biofuel produced at different reaction temperatures. However, isoparaffin compounds were not formed at all operating conditions. Pentadecane (n-C15) and heptadecane (n-C17) were the most abundant composition in gasoil when Co-Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst was used. Cerbera Manghas oil can be recommended as the source of non-edible vegetable oil to produce gasoil as an environmentally friendly transportation fuel.

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