ABSTRACT. The frequency of jellyfish blooms is generating a world-wide discussion about medusae population explosions, mainly those associated with stings. We report over 20,000 envenomations caused by Chrysaora lactea (Scyphozoa) in the State of Paraná (southern Brazil) during the austral summer of 2011-2012. Envenomations were considered mild, but almost 600 cases were treated in emergency services, with either toxic and allergic reactions, some with systemic manifestations. We proposed non-exclusive hypotheses to explain this large number of cases. Keywords: Chrysaora lactea, Scyphozoa, jellyfish, envenomation, public health, stings, Paraná, Brazil.Agregaciones de medusas (Chrysaora lactea, Cnidaria, Semaeostomeae) en el sur de Brasil y consecuencias de picaduras en humanos RESUMEN. La frecuencia de 'blooms' de medusas está generando debate a nivel mundial sobre los incrementos de poblaciones de medusas, sobre todo lo relacionado con picaduras. Se reportan más de 20.000 envenenamientos ocasionados por Chrysaora lactea (Scyphozoa) en el Estado de Paraná (sur del Brasil) durante el verano austral 2011-2012. Los envenenamientos fueron considerados leves, pero cerca de 600 casos fueron tratados en los servicios de emergencia, ya sea con reacciones toxicas o alérgicas, algunas de ellas con manifestaciones sistémicas. Se proponen hipótesis no excluyentes para explicar este gran número de casos.
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