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They generally migrate laterally, upstream and downstream as their banks move due to fluvial erosion combined with mass failure processes (Langendoen, 2000;Motta et al., 2014). In fact, meandering patterns get more complex due to the influence of external forcing processes associated, for instance, with groundwater, vegetation, climate and geology (J. Li et al., 2022). Evidence of this complex evolution of meandering rivers (and in-channel processes) is given by the observed natural sedimentary architecture (Jackson, 1976;Shan et al., 2018) and by the artificially reproduced (via experimental and/or numerical work) records (

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