La Economía Solidaria se presenta como un modelo económico alternativo y ha sido un tema recurrente tanto en Latinoamérica y como en Europa. Sin embargo, no hay todavía una única definición aceptada con respecto a este modelo alternativo. En ocasiones se utilizan términos conceptualmente distintos, pero interconectados entre sí y, especialmente en relación a Economía Social. Así, el debate sobre la temática de los términos que definen las nuevas experiencias económicas, centradas en valores humanos y de solidaridad, que se oponen al modelo económico vigente, es muy relevante para el avance de esas nuevas formas de hacer economía. Así, el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el contexto de la Economía Solidaria a partir de las vertientes latinoamericana y europea. Para ello, se analizan los principales autores acerca del tema, con el fin de examinar los conceptos, definiciones y el reconocimiento legal de la Economía Solidaria en ambos continentes. Asimismo, se estudian las principales plataformas de la Economía Social y Solidaria a nivel nacional, regional y/o mundial. De los resultados, se observa la evolución del concepto de la Economía Solidaria en Latinoamérica y en Europa. Más allá de sus diferentes evoluciones, en ambos continentes la Economía Solidaria se presenta como una economía alternativa al sistema capitalista vigente, que muestra que es posible aportar la solidaridad a las relaciones económicas. Sin embargo, queda pendiente todavía un mayor debate sobre la delimitación conceptual y organizativa de la Economía Solidaria. Asimismo, actualmente ocho países de Latinoamérica y once de Europa reconocen legalmente la Economía Solidaria por medio de leyes, decretos, secretarias y/o institutos lo que muestra los avances realizados.
Abstract:The majority of the world's current economic models are destructive and unsustainable. Little progress has been made in recent years to change this, despite significant discussion surrounding the theme. In this context, the solidarity economy presents itself as an alternative that seeks environmental and economic sustainability, as well as social promotion. In Brazil, Solidarity Economy Rural Organizations (SEROs) began in the 1970s. As with organizations from other sectors, they should be evaluated in relation to their ability to achieve social and solidarity objectives. Thus, this study aims to present a theoretical model of performance evaluation indicators for Solidarity Economy Rural Organizations in Southern Brazil based on the perceptions of the organizations' decision makers. SERO representatives interviewed were asked to rank 36 criteria commonly used in performance evaluations, which were grouped into six dimensions: (1) legal documents and standards; (2) valuing of human work; (3) technology and economy; (4) acknowledgment of women; (5) preservation of and respect for nature; and (6) cooperation and solidarity. The results show that SERO representatives consider that performance evaluations should adhere to the Brazilian Declaration of Solidarity Economy Principles. Additionally, we identified a greater concern with criteria correlated to technical and legal aspects than criteria related to solidarity and humanitarianism. These results are relevant for the maintenance of rural solidarity economy organization as they provide a base for developing processes and tools to be used in SERO performance evaluations; such processes are necessary to maintain sustainable development in low-income economies, and to enable solidarity organizations to reach their objectives.
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