Lacustrine carbonate rocks form important hydrocarbon accumulations along the Brazilian continental margin, some of which are contained in oil fields in which coquinas are one of the main reservoirs (viz. Campos Basin). The complexity and heterogeneity of these deposits make them a challenge in terms of reservoir description. For the necessary classification and paleoenvironmental interpretation of the coquinas, it is essential to evaluate many aspects including biological (such as carbonate productivity), sedimentological (energy regime in the depositional environment, transport of bioclasts, terrigenous supply), taphonomic (fragmentation of shells, abrasion) and diagenetic processes. The facies analysis applied in this study is considered a more appropriate classification approach to understand these coquinas, since it is more flexible and comprehensive than the existing classifications for carbonate rocks. The material investigated here consists of rock samples of the coquinas from the Atol Quarry of the Morro do Chaves Formation (Barremian/Aptian), Sergipe-Alagoas Basin. These rocks that crop out in the Atol quarry complex can be considered as a case study for similar coquinas reservoirs found in the Brazilian continental margin basins. Six sedimentary facies were described, using the main taphonomic (fragmentation of shells) and compositional (presence of micrite and siliciclastic matrix) features as a diagnostic criteria. Two carbonate facies, two mixed carbonate-siliciclastic facies and two siliciclastic facies (mudstones) were identified. From the facies succession, combined with a review of the literature on the subject, the following depositional paleoenvironments were defined: high-energy lake platform, lacustrine delta in a high-energy lake platform and lake-centre. In this paper, a new facies model for the studied coquinas succession is proposed.

Microbialitos gerados em ambiente deposicional lacustre apresentam grande diversidade de estruturas e texturas internas. A organização e a caracterização do arranjo formado por esses atributos correspondem ao que se denomina intrabioarquitetura. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de identificar os principais tipos de intrabioarquiteturas nos microbialitos da Sequência Balbuena IV (Daniano, Bacia de Salta, Argentina) em escala mesoscópica (100 – 10-2 m) e a interpretação cíclica da recorrência dos componentes que formam estas intrabioarquiteturas, em escala microscópica. Foram reconhecidos sete padrões intrabioarquiteturais, assim denominados: Microbialito Aglutinante de grão grosso (MA-gg); Microbialito Bandeado Fasciculado/Aglutinante de grão fino (MBFA-gf); Microbialito Pseudo-microcolunar Aglutinante de micrita (MPMA-m); Microbialito Arbustiforme Microgrumoso Aglutinante de grão fino (MArbMA-gf); Microbialito Dendriforme Microgrumoso Aglutinante de grão fino (MDMA-gf); Microbialito Bandeado Fasciculado/Aglutinante de grão fino com esferulito (MBFA-gf,esf) e Estromatólito Microgrumoso/Aglutinante de grão grosso (EMA-gg). Essas intrabioarquiteturas foram agrupadas e relacionadas a três tipos de microciclos deposicionais. Os microciclos possibilitam organizar o registro microbial em escala meso- e microscópica. Essa organização cíclica está relacionada às variações climáticas, que afetam o nível de base, o aporte sedimentar e os processos biológicos e geoquímicos do sistema lacustre. Portanto, foi possível associar a formação dos microbialitos a períodos de maior ou de menor aridez no ambiente deposicional.

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Coquinas constitute widespread deposits in lacustrine, estuarine, and shallow marine settings, where they are a valuable source of information on environmental conditions. Thick coquina successions were deposited in a series of lacustrine rift basins that formed along the Brazilian Continental Margin during the early stages of the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean, in the Early Cretaceous. In the Sergipe–Alagoas Basin, the coquina sequence, equivalent to the Morro do Chaves Formation, crops out in the Atol Quarry, and is considered a relevant analog for the economically important hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Pre-salt strata (Barremian to Aptian) of the Campos Basin (Pampo, Badejo, and Linguado oil fields), which occur only in the subsurface. The aim of this study is to generate a depositional and stratigraphic model through facies and stratigraphic analyses of a well core. These analyses allowed the geological characterization of the Morro do Chaves Formation and of its transition to the adjacent stratigraphic units, the Coqueiro Seco Formation above and the Penedo Formation below, contributing to the growing knowledge of sedimentation in rift basins and exploratory models in hydrocarbon-producing reservoirs. Facies analysis consists of sedimentological, taphonomic, and stratigraphic features of the rocks. Fourteen depositional facies were recognized, stacked into low-frequency and high-frequency, deepening-upward and shallowing-upward cycles driven by the interaction between climate and tectonism. A depositional model is presented, based on the correlation between well-core and outcrop data described in previous studies, providing insights into the spatial distribution of facies. The detailed analysis of facies and stacking patterns sheds light on depositional processes, paleoenvironmental conditions, and the evolution of the system through time, so we may better understand analogous deposits in the geological record.