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Apesar de ainda ser disseminada a informação de que a vacina BCG pode interferir na resposta ao teste tuberculínico, a experiência do Sistema de Saúde chileno sugere o contrário, ao registrar adequado controle da doença. O objetivo deste estudo é testar a hipótese de que a vacina BCG, aplicada nos primeiros meses de vida, não interfere na interpretação do teste tuberculínico, de acordo com dados oriundos da cidade de Santiago do Chile. Estudo de coorte retrospectivo, realizado com base em registros do Programa de Tuberculose Infantil do Chile no período de 10 anos, visando comparar o teste tuberculínico (PPD) de contactantes intradomiciliares de tuberculose com a bacteriologia do escarro do caso índice (CI), tanto de tuberculose pulmonar (TP) quanto da doença na forma extra-pulmonar (TE). A vacina BCG foi averiguada pela presença de cicatriz. A cultura em todos os casos foi positiva (CP) e a bacterioscopia classificada como negativa (BN) ou positiva (BP) com gradações semi-quantitativas de 1+ até 3+ como classicamente é realizada na análise de escarro em tuberculose. O número de casos índices foi de 1.006, sendo TP 868 e TE 138. Os 3.227 contactantes considerados foram crianças de 0-14 anos. A relação entre PPD positivo e bacteriologia foi a seguinte: 10,68% quando BN e CP; 13,14% quando BP1+; 16,53% quando BP2+ e em 20,59% quando BP3+. Apesar do fato de 2.969 (90,6%) crianças apresentarem uma ou mais cicatrizes de BCG, apenas em 6,23% dos casos houve a Pediatra Pneumologista do Ministério da Saúde do Chile.

BACKGROUND Almost 30% of Chilean women report cigarette smoking with important repercussions on their health. OBJECTIVE Design and test a mobile phone intervention for smoking cessation in young women. STUDY DESIGN A mobile application (app) was created using the best available evidence and consumer input. Its effectiveness was assessed through a randomized clinical trial. STUDY PARTICIPANTS Women 18 to 44 years old from middle-class neighborhoods in Santiago, Chile. Inclusion criteria were intention to quit cigarette smoking in the following month and having a smartphone cell phone. Women with positive screening for risky alcohol consumption were excluded. INTERVENTION App with content to support cigarette smoking cessation over 6 months. The control arm included an app that delivered general messages to promote permanence in the study. Telephone follow-up was performed at 6 weeks, and at 3 and 6 months after randomization. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE No smoking in the past 7 days at 6 weeks from enrolment. Intention-to-treat analysis was carried out using SPSS 17.0 with a significance level set at .05. RESULTS 309 women entered the study. Mean number of cigarettes smoked in a day was 8.8. 58.6% of the participants (n = 181) completed the follow-up for the primary outcome. With intention-to-treat analysis, 9.7% of participants in the intervention group reported not having smoked any cigarettes in the last 7 days vs 3.2% in the control group (RR 2.98 CI 95% 1.11-8.0, P = .022). Additionally, 12.3% vs 1.9% of the participants in the intervention group and control group reported continuous abstinence at 6 weeks, respectively (RR 6.29 95% CI 1.9-20.8, P < .001). Continuous abstinence was also significant at 6 months ( P-value of .036). CONCLUSIONS The “Appagalo” app is an effective tool to support smoking cessation in young women. It is a simple mHealth alternative for smoking cessation that can contribute to improving women's health in the Americas and worldwide.