BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Insulinoma is the most common pancreatic endocrine tumor and it can be associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN). This is a report on a patient with multiple endocrine abnormalities, who did not fulfill the criteria of known syndromes (MEN) and the clinical-anesthetic particularities that influenced the anesthetic management. CASE REPORT:A 23-year old female patient with episodes of hypoglycemia difficult to control, associated with Cushing's disease and prolactinoma without symptoms of pituitary compression and with normal thyroid and parathyroid. Investigation found a retroperitoneal mass of unknown origin which in face of the clinical presentation raised the hypothesis of insulinoma. The patient also referred to be a Jehovah's Witness. Biopsy of the mass by videolaparoscopy and enucleation of the insulinoma were proposed. On physical exam the patient was overweight, had protruding teeth, she was classified as Mallampati 3 and had symptoms of sleep apnea. Laboratorial exams revealed hematocrit 58%. Pre-anesthetic medication consisted of oral midazolam (7.5 mg) and clonidine (200 µg). Fentanyl (150 µg), clonidine (90 µg), propofol (150 mg) and pancuronium (8 mg) were used for anesthetic induction and she was intubated without intercurrences. Central venous access and invasive blood monitoring were instituted. Intravenous infusion of D5W with electrolytes was instituted and capillary glucose levels were monitored every 30 minutes, which did not demonstrate any episodes of hypoglycemia during the surgery. The patient remained hemodynamically stable even during the pneumoperitoneum. She developed postoperative episodes of hypoglycemia, which motivated the re-operation. CONCLUSIONS:This case is unique due to the presence of multiple endocrine abnormalities and the particularities of the surgicalanesthetic management. Intraoperative monitoring is mandatory during removal of an insulinoma to avoid incomplete tumor resection. Multiple challenges in one patient demand the knowledge, by the anesthesiologist, of each obstacle and its interactions in order to devise strategies to control them.
), após 5 minutos (M0) avaliou-se o grau de sedação de intensidade de dor, pressões arteriais sistólica e diastólica, freqüências cardíaca e respiratória e saturação de oxigênio. O eletrofisiologista avaliou as variáveis de condução cardíaca (duração do QRS, intervalos AA, AH, HV e PA), o tempo de recuperação do nódulo sinoatrial e as variáveis de refratariedade cardíaca (período refratário do átrio direito, período refratário do ventrículo direito e período refratário do nódulo atrioventricular). Após as medidas iniciais o remifentanil foi introduzido (bolus de 0,5 µg.kg -1 + infusão de 0,05 µg.kg ) e após 20 minutos as mesmas variáveis foram reavaliadas (M1). RESULTADOS: Observou-se diminuição das pressões sistólica e diastólica (p = 0,0001) entre M0 e M1, sem diferença estatística significativa da freqüência respiratória ou da saturação de oxigênio. Houve aumento do intervalo átrio-His (p = 0,006) e do tempo de recuperação do nódulo sinoatrial (p = 0,0004), do período refratário do átrio direito (p = 0,001) e do período refratário do nódulo atrioventricular (p = 0,0001), porém não houve diminuição da freqüência cardíaca basal entre M0 e M1. CONCLUSÕES: O remifentanil alterou as variáveis eletrofisiológi-cas cardíacas, o que em doses maiores que as estudadas poderiam causar bradicardia sinusal, assistolia e distúrbios de condução. Unitermos: ANALGÉSICOS, Opióide: remifentanil, CIRURGIA, Cardíaca: ablação; COMPLICAÇÕES: assistolia, bradicardia; FISIOLO-GIA, Cardiovascular: condução, refratariedade. SUMMARYLeite SS, Firme EBP, Bevilaqua MS, Pereira LS, Atié J -Prospective Study on the Repercussions of Low Doses of Remifentanil on Sinoatrial Function and in Cardiac Conduction and Refractory Period. BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Remifentanil is an opiod with fast onset of action and short acting, and its use in short-duration procedures has increased in the last few years. Bradycardia and asystole are among the side effects reported. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of this drug in cardiac conduction and refractory period in human beings. METHODS: A prospective study with 16 patients, ages 18 to 65, both genders, ASA I to III, undergoing elective intracardiac electrophysiological study, was undertaken. Patients with disorders of the sinoatrial node and those with severe cardiac blocks were excluded. In the laboratory of electrophysiology, patients were sedated with midazolam (0.03 mg.kg -1 ) after 5 minutes the degree of sedation and degree of pain, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate, and oxygen saturation were evaluated. The electrophysiologist evaluated cardiac conduction (duration of the QRS complex, and AA, AH, HV, and PA intervals), duration of sinoatrial node recovery, and cardiac refractory period (refractory period of the right atrium, right ventricle, and atrioventricular node). After the initial measurements, remifentanil was administered (bolus of 0.5 µg.kg -1 + infusion of 0.05 µg.kg -1 .min -1 ) and, after 20 minutes, the same parameters were eval...
Martinho JMSG, Moraes HP, Oliveira ME, Moreira LFP, Silva AC, Pereira LS, Maia F. Modelo de indução de necrose focal hepática: estudo experimental em ratos. Acta Cir Bras [serial online] 2004 Jan-Fev;19(1). Disponível em URL: http://www.scielo.br/acb. RESUMO -Objetivo:Investigar a área de necrose focal induzida pela injeção intra-hepática de quatro diferentes substâncias no fígado de ratos. Métodos: Foram utilizados 25 ratos Wistar, com peso variando entre 200 a 250 g, distribuidos em 5 grupos, que receberam 0,1cc das seguintes substâncias: Grupo I (Gr. I) -soro fisiológico a 0,9% (controle). Grupo II (Gr. II) -glicose hipertônica a 50%. Grupo III (Gr. III) -NaCl a 20%. Grupo IV (Gr. IV) -formol a 10%. Grupo V (Gr. V) -etanol. Os animais foram submetidos a laparotomia para que a punção fosse realizada no lobo hepático médio sob visão direta. Todos os animais foram sacrificados após 24 horas da injeção.. Os fígados foram avaliados histologicamente, com o intuito de mensurar a área do tecido necrótico. Resultados: Nos cinco grupos estudados observou-se: Gr. I -2829mm 2 (controle); Gr. II -3805mm 2 (glicose hipertônica); Gr. III -3930mm 2 (NaCl); Gr. IV -4532mm 2 (formol) e Gr. V -6432mm 2 (etanol). A análise estatística destes valores foi feita pelo método das comparações múltiplas. Conclusão: 1. O soro fisiológico foi à substância que causou a menor área de necrose (P< 0,05). 2. O NaCl a 20% e a glicose hipertônica a 50% produzem efeitos semelhantes (P > 0,05). 3. O formol a 10% produziu necrose mais extensa que a glicose hipertônica a 50% (P < 0,05) e que o NaCl a 20%, porém não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa com esta última (P > 0,05). 4. O etanol foi à substância que, comparada com as outras, mais necrose produziu (P < 0,05). DESCRITORES -Fígado. Necrose. Ratos.
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