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In the absence of traditional communication infrastructures, the choice of available technologies for building data collection and control systems in remote areas is very limited. This paper reviews and analyzes protocols and technologies for transferring Internet of Things (IoT) data and presents an architecture for a hybrid IoT-satellite network, which includes a long range (LoRa) low power wide area network (LPWAN) terrestrial network for data collection and an Iridium satellite system for backhaul connectivity. Simulation modelling, together with a specialized experimental stand, allowed us to study the applicability of different methods of information presentation for the case of transmitting IoT data over low-speed satellite communication channels. We proposed a data encoding and packaging scheme called GDEP (Gateway Data Encoding and Packaging). It is based on the combination of data format conversion at the connection points of a heterogeneous network and message packaging. GDEP enabled the reduction of the number of utilized Short Burst Data (SBD) containers and the overall transmitted data size by almost five times.

The recent advances in technology enabled transition to the Internet of Things (IoT), in which physical objects around us become an integral part of the global information system. A major technical challenge however is to make these numerous objects interact seamlessly with each other. The latest works related to concepts, such as Web of Things or Social Web of Things, partly address the issue. In our paper we further investigate the topic and point out several problems that need to be efficiently solved for the Internet of Things to work on large scale numbers. One of the main tasks is to make devices easily discoverable. Thus, an efficient way to handle and store their metadata is required. Another problem is connected with providing different models of inter-device communication, asynchronous being the most important, as many of today's widely used web standards were not designed for it. Finally, we propose a general cloud-based IoT architecture aimed at solving the above-described problems.

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