The objective of this study was to characterize absorption of colostrum replacer (CR) or supplement (CS) containing fractions of bovine plasma. Immunoglobulin concentrate (IGC) was prepared from bovine blood to a final purity of approximately 90% IgG. Blood was also processed to produce a fraction containing elevated concentrations of IGF-I and TGF-beta (GF). Both IGC and GF were spray-dried and blended with other ingredients to produce CR (30% IgG) or CS (15% IgG) containing 0 or 5% GF. Holstein bull calves were assigned to one of five treatments: 1) Pooled colostrum (MC)--1.9 L of pooled colostrum at 1 and 8 h of age to provide over 150 g of IgG; 2) Low supplement (LC)--1.9 L of CS at 1 and 8 h of age to provide 150 g of IgG; 3) Low supplement + GF (LG)--1.9 L of a CS with GF at 1 and 8 h of age to provide 150 g of IgG; 4) High supplement (HC)--1.9 L of CR at 1 h of age to provide 150 g of IgG and 1.9 L of a commercial milk replacer (MR) at 8 h of age; and 5) High supplement + GF (HG)--1.9 L of a CR with GF at 1 h of age to provide 150 g of IgG and 1.9 L of MR at 8 h of age. Apparent efficiency of IgG absorption was higher for calves fed HC and HG compared with those fed LC and LG and was lower for calves fed LG and HG compared with those fed LC and HC. IgG concentrations at 24 h were highest in calves fed MC compared with other calves and were higher in calves fed HC and HG compared to LC and LG. Calves fed LG and HG had lower IgG concentrations at 24 h of age compared with those fed LC and HC. These results indicate that 150 g of IgG provided in one dose soon after birth is superior to 150 g of IgG fed in two doses 7 h apart. Also, addition of a plasma fraction containing elevated concentrations of IGF-I and TGF-beta decreased IgG absorption in the neonatal calf.
RESUMO -Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do uso de probiótico (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) em dietas para cavalos, utilizaram-se quatro equinos machos com média de 400 kg de peso corporal, em delineamento em quadrado latino 4 × 4. As dietas foram compostas de concentrado e feno de capim-tifton 85 (de baixa qualidade) ou feno de alfafa (de alta qualidade), com ou sem a adição de levedura. Cada período experimental teve duração de 36 dias, com coleta total de fezes, para determinação dos coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes, e coleta de fezes, para determinação do pH e da microbiologia fecal. A utilização de probiótico não alterou os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente dos nutrientes das dietas, com exceção do extrato etéreo. A qualidade nutricional do feno influenciou os coeficientes de digestibilidade da matéria seca (MS), da proteína bruta (PB) e do extrato etéreo (EE) apenas no caso das dietas com feno de capim-tifton sem probiótico e com feno de alfafa com probiótico. A utilização de cultura de levedura aumentou a população de Lactobacillus nas fezes dos animais que receberam a dieta com feno de capim-tifton com probiótico. Não houve uso de probiótico na população de Lactobacillus nas dietas com feno de alfafa (de boa qualidade). A população de Streptococcus nas fezes aumentou com suplementação de levedura, tanto na dieta com feno de capim-tifton como naquela com feno de alfafa. A dieta com capimtifton 85 sem probiótico promoveu redução nos valores de pH fecal 14 e 17 horas após a alimentação. Considerando ainda os valores de pH fecal nesses períodos após a alimentação, as dietas suplementadas com probiótico apresentaram valores superiores àqueles obtidos sem adição de levedura.Palavras-chave: cavalos, digestibilidade aparente, fezes, microbiologia, probiótico, volumoso Use of yeast in equine fed diets with hay with different nutritional qualitiesABSTRACT -In order to evaluate the effect of using probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in diets for horses, it was used four male equines, with average body weight of 400 kg, in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Diets were composed of concentrated and 85 Tifton grass hay (low quality) or alfafa hay (high quality), with or without addition of yeast. Each experimental period lasted 36 days, with total fecal collection for determination of apparent digestibility coefficients of the nutrients and fecal collection for determining pH and fecal microbiology. Use of probiotic did not affect apparent digestibility coefficients of the diets, except for ether extract. Hay nutritional quality affected coefficients of dry matter digestibility, crude protein and ether extract (EE) only for diets with Tifton grass hay without probiotic and with alfafa hay with probiotic. The utilization of yeast culture increased the Lactobacillus population in feces of animals fed diet with Tifton grass hay with probiotic. Probiotic was not used in population of Lactobacillus in diets of alfafa hay (good quality). Streptococcus population in the diet increased as yeast was supp...
RESUMO -Objetivou-se nesta pesquisa avaliar alimentos alternativos para cavalos adultos caracterizados como subprodutos agroindustriais por meio da digestibilidade dos nutrientes. Utilizaram-se cinco animais da raça crioulo em gaiolas de metabolismo individuais alimentados com cinco dietas: uma dieta-referência contendo ração peletizada e feno de capimtifton 85 e outras quatro, com substituição de 30%, com base no peso (kg/kg), da dieta-referência por resíduo de soja, casca de soja, casca de trigo e casca de milho. Os melhores coeficientes de digestibilidade de matéria seca, proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido foram de 68,05% para a dieta com casca de milho, 61,38% para a dieta-referência, 64,50% para a dieta com resíduo de soja, 84,32% para a dieta com casca de milho e 60,62% para a dieta com casca de soja, respectivamente. O maior valor de matéria seca digestível foi obtido com a dieta-referência (62,10%), enquanto com as demais dietas, o valor médio foi de 50,22% de matéria seca digestível. Para os alimentos alternativos, os maiores valores de proteína bruta, extrato etéreo, fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido digestíveis, foram obtidos com casca de trigo (7,53%), resíduo de soja (5,11%) e casca de soja (53,04 e 40,77%), respectivamente, destacando-se a disponibilidade de proteína da casca de trigo e a degradabilidade da fibra da casca de soja. Esses alimentos podem ser utilizados na alimentação de eqüinos, pois não comprometem a saúde do trato digestório. O nível de inclusão e a combinação desses subprodutos no balanceamento das dietas dependem da disponibilidade e do custo na região. Palavras-chave: eqüinos, nutrição, subprodutos agroindustriais Evaluation of alternative feeds for adult Creole horsesABSTRACT -The objective of this research was to evaluate alternative feeds for adult horses characterized as agroindustrial by-products through the total apparent digestibility and digestible nutrients determinations with Creole adult horses. Five animals were housed in individual metabolism cages and fed with five experimental diets, starting from a reference diet containing peletized ration and Tifton -85 hay, and other four with the replacement of 30% with weight basis (kg/kg) of the reference diet for each one of the agro industrial by-products, soybean residue, soybean hulls, wheat hulls and corn hulls. The best digestibility values for dry matter, crude protein, ethereal extract, neutral and acid detergent fiber, were obtained with the corn hulls diet (68.05%), reference diet (61.38%), soybean residue diet (64.50%), corn hulls diet (84.32%) and soybean hulls diet (60.62%), respectively. The highest digestible dry matter value was observed with reference diet (62.10%) and the others treatments presented mean value of 50.22%. To each one of the alternative feeds tested in this study, the highest values for digestible protein, ether extract, neutral and acid detergent fiber were observed with wheat hulls (7.53%), soybean residue (5.11%), so...
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