This study aims to evaluate the effects of two leguminous plants Arachis repens and Desmodium adscendens, used as cover crops, on the proliferation of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal spores in soils under industrial banana plantations. Soil samples were collected at two depths (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm) before, 6 and 12 months after the cover crops installation in a three-treatment Fisher block design. After laboratory analysis of the collected soil samples, the results showed that A. repens strongly contributed to the increase of AM fungal spores. Indeed, before planting this legume, the average number of spores which was 882.50 at 0-10 cm of the soil, increased to 1502.50 and then to 2390.00 in 100 g of soil respectively after 6 and 12 months. At the depth of 10-20 cm, the number of spores was 790.00, 1177.50 and 1270 spores/100 g soil, respectively. Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Glomus and Scutellospora were the main genus obtained among the identified spores. Among them, Glomus and Acaulospora were the most abundant. A. repens could be used as a cover crops for the sustainable management of biological soil fertility.

The development of vegetable crops contributes to the food security of populations while reducing the problems of unemployment. However, these crops are subject to many pests that cause quantitative and qualitative damage to crops. To improve their yield, most market gardeners resort to the use of phytosanitary products. In order to take stock of the use of these products in the fight against pathogens of vegetable crops in the district of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, a survey was carried out from January to February 2018 among 33 producers in the communes of Cocody and Port-Bouët. Twenty-seven pesticide trade names divided into 8 different families were identified. The majority of pesticides used were insecticides (53%) followed by fungicides (25%). Seventy-five percent (75%) of market gardeners were aware of the risk of pesticide toxicity, however, 53% of market gardeners did not use any means of protection during pesticide spraying. These bad practices jeopardize their health, that of consumers and the environment. It is therefore important to train and educate market gardeners on phytosanitary products and to provide them with adequate protective equipment.

The development of vegetable crops contributes to the food security of populations while reducing the problems of unemployment. However, these crops are subject to many pests that cause quantitative and qualitative damage to crops. To improve their yield, most market gardeners resort to the use of phytosanitary products. In order to take stock of the use of these products in the fight against pathogens of vegetable crops in the district of Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire, a survey was carried out from January to February 2018 among 33 producers in the communes of Cocody and Port-Bouët. Twenty-seven pesticide trade names divided into 8 different families were identified. The majority of pesticides used were insecticides (53%) followed by fungicides (25%). Seventy-five percent (75%) of market gardeners were aware of the risk of pesticide toxicity, however 53% of market gardeners did not use any means of protection during pesticide spraying. These bad practices jeopardize their health, that of consumers and the environment. It is therefore important to train and educate market gardeners on phytosanitary products and to provide them with adequate protective equipment.

Caractérisation et évaluation de la phytotoxicité des filtrats de culture de souches de Mycosphaerella fijiensis issues des principales zones de production de bananes en Côte d'Ivoire 13016 Characterization and assessment of the phytotoxicity of culture filtrates of Mycosphaerella fijiensis strains from the main areas of banana production in Côte d'Ivoire ABSTRACT : Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the production of toxins by Ivorian strains of M. fijiensis, and to study their involvement in the development of banana black leaf streak disease (BLSD) caused by this fungus. It consisted in determining the diversity of the metabolites produced by these fungal isolates and in evaluating the phytotoxity of their culture filtrates on the leaves of the banana varieties presenting in the field a variable behavior to the BLSD. Methodology and results : To carry out this study, a physico-chemical characterization of the culture filtrates of M. fijiensis strains was carried out. This analysis revealed three main groups of secondary metabolites: saponins, sterols and terpenes and alkaloids. The necrosis induction test was carried out to determine the phytotoxic activity of the filtrates after their infiltration into the banana leaf limb. The results showed that after 48 hours, only certain filtrates from the fungus cultures could induce necrosis in the leaves of banana varieties. The variety partially resistant to the BLSD (FHIA 23) proved to be the most resistant to the toxicity of the culture filtrates unlike the very resistant (Calcultta 4) and susceptible (Grande Naine) varieties to the disease. Conclusion and application of results: Mycosphaerella fijiensis strains from Côte d'Ivoire are capable of producing toxic metabolites for banana. These toxins contribute to the development of foliar necrosis in banana and are at least involved in the extension of these symptoms and can therefore be a simple tool for rapid assessment of the resistance of banana varieties to BLSD. A probable circumvention of the total resistance of Calcutta 4 can be considered in this banana variety by M. fijiensis.

Influence of root-knot nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne spp. on the growth and production of ten cultivars of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.