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he steadily increasing numbers of ten-to-fourteen-T year-olds of culturally diverse backgrounds in the United States require improved multicultural counseling in middle schools. Students in the elementary and secondary schools also deserve counselors who understand their cultural backgrounds and the effects of culture on learning and development; however, the nature of early adolescence suggests a particular need for effective multicultural counseling at the middle school level. During early adolescence, boys and girls develop their sense of self-esteem and cultural identities and form opinions of other individuals and cultural groups. Tento-fourteen-year-olds also experience age-and culturerelated problems-for example, different perceptions among cultures of gender roles and of what constitutes school success-that call for multicultural counseling. In this article, we define multicultural counseling in middle schools, offer a rationale for its place at that level, and present guiidelines for middle school counselors who work in multicultural settings.

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