Mucormycosis, an opportunistic fungal infection, is on the increase. Individuals at risk are those with diabetes mellitus, haematological malignancy, etc. Infections are uncommon in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Clinical presentations include rhinocerebral, pulmonary or disseminated forms. Risk factors should alert clinicians to a high index of suspicion. Prompt diagnosis, facilitated by radiological imaging and tissue sampling, with appropriate medical and surgical intervention can potentially improve patient outcomes. Here we describe a rare case of renal mass in a patient living with HIV presenting to casualty department with abdominal pain and fever. Radiological imaging showed a renal mass whilst histopathological findings were suggestive of mucormycosis. Management included antifungal therapy and subsequent nephrectomy. The patient improved significantly and was discharged home.

Cryptococcosis is an opportunistic infection with high mortality if not diagnosed and treated in time. The objective of this study was to review the clinicopathological information of decendents with final autopsy diagnosis of disseminated cryptococcal infection. This study collected data from 4 decendents who presented to an academic hospital/laboratory between 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2018. Their clinical, radiological and pathological findings including treatment were reviewed. Two decendents presented with respiratory symptoms whilst the other 2 presented with meningeal symptoms. Three were confirmed HIV positive. One decendent was on ART, one had defaulted treatment and one was ART naïve. Two decendents were diagnosed with cryptococcal meningitis, one with bacterial pneumonia and one with pulmonary tuberculosis. Three decendents died in emergency unit and one in the ward whilst on antifungal therapy. The autopsy findings confirmed disseminated cryptococcal infection in all cases. A high index of suspicion should be maintained in the right clinical context. Multi-organ involvement should be suspected in all patients and be actively sought out.