Use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in infants with congenital heart disease is becoming more frequent. We present the first reported use of balloon atrial septostomy during ECMO support and describe possible complications of such procedures unique to ECMO therapy.

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Percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty was attempted in an eight-month-old infant with severe aortic valve stenosis. The procedure resulted in a fall in the resting transvalvular systolic pressure gradient from 106 mmHg to 40 mmHg and no aortic regurgitation. Clinical and Doppler echocardiography findings suggest persistent improved status 3 1/2 months after the procedure.