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repairs a broken navigation module in Greenland.© 2 0 1 9 S p r i n g e r N a t u r e L i m i t e d . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d . A researcher accesses sediment cores collected during an ocean-drilling programme.MARC STEINME TZ/VISUM/EYEVINE 6 J U N E 2 0 1 9 | V O L 5 7 0 | N A T U R E | 2 9 COMMENT © 2 0 1 9 S p r i n g e r N a t u r e L i m i t e d . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d .

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Tanhua et al. Ocean FAIR Data Services formats and made available through Web services is necessary. In particular, automation of data workflows will be critical to reduce friction throughout the data value chain. Adhering to the FAIR principles with free, timely, and unrestricted access to ocean observation data is beneficial for the originators, has obvious benefits for users, and is an essential foundation for the development of new services made possible with big data technologies.

Available surface heat-flow measurements from Australian Proterozoic terranes (83 ± 18 mWrrr 2 ) are significantly higher than the global Proterozoic average of -50 mWnrr 2 . Seismic evidence for the presence of relatively cool mantle together with the lack of evidence for neotectonlc processes normally associated with thermal transients suggests that anomalous heat flow must reflect crustal radiogenic sources (U,Th and K).This is supported by a compilation of more than 6000 analyses from 455 individual granites, granitic gneisses and felslc volcanlcs which shows that the present-day average heat production of these rock types is 4.6 uWrrr 3 when normalised by area of outcrop (over more than 100 000 km 2 ); roughly twice that of 'average' granite. At the time of this felsic magmatism (ca 1850-1500 Ma) heat production rates were some 25-30% greater than the present day such that the total complement of U, Th and K in many parts of the Australian Proterozoic crust may have contributed as much as 60-85 mWrrr 2 to the surface heat flow, or 2 to 3 times the present-day continental average. This extraordinary enrichment has played a key role in the tectonothermal evolution of the Australian Proterozoic crust, and has important implications for our understanding of the thermal budget of ancient continental crust.