Background: Silicone implants were developed in 1962 for breast augmentation and became essential in reconstruction after mastectomy. Silicone “bleeding” has been described from both ruptured and intact implants and can induce disseminated granulomatosis due to the component's high fat solubility. If not adequately treated, they can lead to disastrous cosmetic and functional consequences. Because they may mimic malignancy, prompt and reliable diagnosis should be made as early as possible. Methods: We present a clinical case description of multiple intraparenchymal and ipsi/contralateral intraganglionic siliconomas in a woman who had undergone breast reconstruction, and a literature review of the pathophysiology of siliconomas and their diagnosis and management. Results: Silicone migration to the contralateral breast and lymph node is rare and has seldom been described. The mechanism is still debated. Excluding malignancy is a priority, and systematic management must be respected to avoid misdiagnosis or unnecessary investigations. Conclusions: A multidisciplinary approach is essential for siliconoma management. Silicone-related lymphadenopathies do not require follow-up or special treatment unless they interfere with the diagnosis of tumor recurrence. Careful observation is sufficient for asymptomatic siliconomas; however, symptomatic ones should be treated depending on skin involvement and the patient's eligibility for intervention.

Background: Chest wall resections/reconstructions are a validated approach to manage tumors invading the thorax. However, how resection characteristics affect postoperative morbidity and mortality is unknown.We determined the impact of chest wall resection size and location on patient short and long-term postoperative outcomes. Methods:We reviewed all consecutive patients who underwent resections/reconstructions for chest wall tumors between 2003 and 2018. The impact of chest wall resection size and location and reconstruction on perioperative morbidity/mortality and oncological outcome were evaluated for each patient.Results: Ninety-three chest wall resections were performed in 88 patients for primary (sarcoma, breast cancer, n=66, 71%) and metastatic (n=27, 29%) chest wall tumors. The mean chest bony resection size was 107 (range, 15-375) cm 2 and involved ribs only in 57% (n=53) or ribs combined to sternal/clavicular resections in 43% of patients (n=40). Chest defect reconstruction methods included muscle flaps alone (14%) prosthetic material alone (25%) or a combination of both (61%). Early systemic postoperative complications included pneumonia (n=15, 16%), atelectasis (n=6, 6%), pleural effusion (n=15, 16%) and arrhythmia (n=6, 6%). The most frequent long-term reconstructive complications included wound dehiscence (n=4), mesh infection (n=5) and seroma (n=4). Uni-and multivariable analyses indicated that chest wall resection size (>114 cm 2 ) and location (sternum) were significantly associated with the occurrence of pneumonia and atelectasis [odds ratio (OR) =3.67, P=0.05; OR =78.92, P=0.02, respectively]. Disease-free and overall survival were 37±43 and 48±42 months for primary malignancy and of 24±33 and 48±53 months for metastatic chest wall tumors respectively with a mean follow-up of 46±44 months.Conclusions: Chest wall resections present good long-term oncological outcomes. A resection size above 114 cm 2 and the involvement of the sternum are significantly associated with higher rates of postoperative pneumonia/atelectasis. This subgroup of patients should have reinforced perioperative physical therapy protocols.

Background Buttock augmentation is a commonly performed aesthetic surgery. Several methods have been described, but only the use of implants or autologous fat are consensually deemed safe and effective. Synthetic fillers in gluteal augmentation have been described despite potential severe long-term complications, both medical and aesthetic. Objectives The aim of this study is to report a series of two consecutive cases who underwent buttock- and hip augmentation with large volumes of permanent copolyamide filler requiring surgical removal due to significant complications. Based on these cases and a review of recent literature, a management algorithm is proposed. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of two consecutive cases of failed copolyamid filler augmentations in the gluteal and inguinal regions. We conducted a literature overview using PubMed (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD) and Google Scholar (Google, Mountain View, CA) to include all articles concerning removal of large quantities of permanent copolyamide fillers. Results Two patients presented with complications after gluteal copolyamide filler treatments. Based on the physical properties of copolyamide, resection of the filler was performed by percutaneous aspiration with liposuction cannulas, with varying infiltration protocols. Both cases showed successful removal of major parts of the filler, however residual material tended towards migration, requiring a secondary intervention.. Conclusions Hydrated low-pressure aspiration can manage non-integrated gluteal copolyamide filler but will achieve only partial resection. Literature shows that radical excision is possible, however with major drawbacks in function and aesthetics. Moreover, in acute inflammation and infection, an open approach should be preferred.

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Explosion-related facial black powder injuries are difficult to treat due to traumatic tattooing of powder residue. A common treatment protocol consists of immediate debridement using a variety of surgical techniques with no other adjuncts. The results are often mediocre because of scarring or powder remnants in the skin. We present a patient who suffered innumerable black powder tattoos to the face after a canon explosion treated by initial debridement and serial treatments of 15% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) peelings with a highly satisfactory result.