Le Nyala des montagnes vit en Ethiopie dans les montagnes des provinces d'Arussi et deBale et d'une partie de la province de Sidamo. Son habitat comprend la bordure superieure de la for£t et toute la zone des bruy£res ggantes qui s'£tend au-dessus, aux environs de 3.500 m d'altitude. D'apres les estimations de l'auteur la population s'&eve approximativement ä 7000 ou 8000. Une chasse incontroUe et la destruction irrationnelle de son habitat menacent gravement Pespece. Les mesures de protection proposees sont : la elation d'un Pare National, la surveillance effective de la chasse et le controle de la deforestation et des feux de brousse.

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Summary The population of Golden Eagles was assessed in four different areas of the Scottish Highlands. The average area per pair varied from 11,400 to 17,884 acres, excluding country that was not used by the eagles. Eagle food in these areas consists largely of Red Grouse, Ptarmigan, Mountain Hares and Rabbits, and also dead Red Deer and dead sheep. The numbers and biomass of the four main species of living prey were assessed by representative counts in three main types of habitat; and of dead deer and sheep partly from counts but mainly from published data on stocking densities, mortality and weights. The annual food requirement from a home range was estimated at 249 kg. of meat, calculated from data on the food consumption of eagles, allowing for known breeding success and for the presence of some immature eagles and unmated adults; and this was compared with the total food potential in the four Study Areas, allowance being made for the inedible portions of carcases. The average food potential in all areas is greatly in excess of the requirements. In the three western areas living prey is very scarce, but amounts of carrion are large and the eagles in these areas depend mainly on carrion. Large differences in food potential between areas do not correspond with differences in eagle density. Two examples are cited where a drastic reduction in food supply had no effect on eagle density, which remains remarkably constant in spite of seasonal and annual fluctuations in food supply. Golden Eagle nest‐sites are used over many years, and the home ranges are big enough to supply a more than adequate food supply at all times of year. Evidence is provided of territorial or home‐range defence, which generally takes the form of display flights but occasionally involves more overt aggression. The home‐range size is fixed so high that a critical food level is probably very rarely reached.

Summary. Pelecanus onocrotalus roseus is known to breed more or less regularly in Africa at Lake Shala, Ethiopia; Lake Rukwa, Tanzania; St. Lucia Bay, Natal; Abou Tougour, Chad; Kapsikis, Northern Cameroons; and Wase Rock, Nigeria; and has been observed or reported breeding at Mweru Marsh, Zambia; Lake Ngami, Botswana; Seal and Dyers Islands, South Africa; and Lake Natron, Tanzania. The Shala colony, after Lake Rukwa's, is the largest known breeding colony in Africa and is probably of crucial importance to the species in Africa. For successful breeding regular colonies of P. onocrotalus must have an assured supply offish and an inaccessible breeding site. These conditions are met at the Lake Shala colony. Assuming that a Great White Pelican consumes about 10% of body weight or about 900‐1,200 g per day, the Lake Shala breeding colony with 7,500‐12,000 pairs would consume about 3,140‐5,040 tonnes in the breeding seasons. The partially unsuccessful breeding of perhaps 10,000 pairs at Lake Natron in 1962 is described. Failure was attributed to sudden failure of the food supply. Breeding of the Great White Pelican on Lake Shala takes place throughout the year although there is a peak of numbers breeding from December to the end of March, which is in the dry season. Observations recorded in this paper cover two full breeding seasons, 1965‐6 and 1966‐7. Although during the peak period of breeding the flock at Shala is made up of 2,500‐5,000 pairs, this mass is composed of smaller units, each made up of 300‐1,200 pairs, laying more or less together with little overlap from one group to the next. Three changes occur in the plumage of the Great White Pelican towards the onset of the breeding season: (a) the development of a knob or swelling on the forehead at the base of the beak with associated expanses of brightly‐coloured bare skin, pinkish yellow in males and bright orange in females; (b) the development of a crest; and (c) the development of a yellowish band across the chest or larger areas of darker brown in the plumage. Four distinct colour‐types of breeding plumage were observed: the dark‐brown type, the brown‐breasted type, the yellow‐banded type, and the type with scarcely any suggestion of a breast patch. No correlation was found between plumage type and sex, size, length of bill or any other obvious physical feature. Group display and individual displays of the adults are described. There appears to be no special pre‐copulation display. Elaborate nests are not prepared; the male collects the nesting material, and both sexes build the nest. Nests are small, 35–60 cm in diameter (averaging 46‐4 cm), and close together (364 nests averaged 1–55/m2). Average clutch‐size is 1–88. Incubation begins with the first egg; both sexes incubate; the incubation period is probably about 38 days. The fledging period is 65–70 days, of which about the first 28–30 days are spent in the nesting area. After that the young form into groups or “pods”. The development of the young is described. When it is very small it is fed by eith...