This paper describes one successful approach of Behavior Based Safety (BBS) implementation in Oil & Gas Company in Kuwait. The unique approach involved 'throwing out' many of the western cultural assumptions and approaching BBS implementation through the very basic building blocks. Much emphasis was placed on understanding the Middle Eastern Social Culture, understanding the organizational culture including the HSE culture and then designing the BBS program to suit the cultural norms.

This paper describes an HSE integrated risk assessment performed by a multidisciplinary team for a Steamflood pilot program in a shallow geologically complex multi layered super-giant heavy oil green field in Kuwait, undergoing first phase of development using field tested Cyclic Steam Stimulation (CSS) during first few years then followed by Steamflood (SF).In the first step of HSE integrated risk assessment methodology, the team stablished the most likely production scenarios during CSS and SF for selected well pattern types and sizes, components of surface infrastructure and production operation modes. To determine the safe distance between wells during drilling operations under current conditions, the team performed a consequence analysis. For each scenario the team defined ranges (minimum and maximum) for well production and injection rates, fluid composition, wellhead temperature, gas oil ratios and other key parameters using data and information from reservoir model, pilots and well designs. To account for the lack of data typical in a green field, the team reviewed well blowout failure modes and frequencies from analog heavy oil fields worldwide. Through internal workshops and using data from analogs, the team did the identification, classification, analysis and ranking of hazards and risks, ending up with a risk breakdown structure (RBS) and a risk assessment matrix (RAM). To identify root causes and their mitigation actions the team prepared cause and effect relationships maps and loss causation models for those risks related to HSE. The outcomes of the assessment are a risk register, quantitative risk assessment, detailed reports and guidelines for the Steamflood pilot program as support to prepare HSE procedures.The team identified 66 risks; classified and ranked them using a risk breakdown structure (RBS) and a risk assessment matrix (RAM) and then selected 28 risks with cause and effect relationships with HSE. The cause and effect relationships maps helped defining the 7 most significant groups of risks (likelihood and impact) in the short, medium and long term: 1) Well blowouts, 2) H 2 S & CO 2 , 3) Pattern Type & Size, 4) Heat Management, 5) Non Wanted Fluids & Solids, 6) Reservoir Description and 7) Human Factors. By using loss causation models for each of the seven group of risks, the team established the root causes and risk mitigation options. From the consequence analysis, the conclusion was that 45 meters is the minimum safe distance required between heavy oil wells considering three event scenarios of potential failure cases and the consequences. Finally, to account for the need of critical data related to the most critical HSE risks, the team visualized a Steamflood field test using a small pattern area to reach quickly steam breakthrough and gather a minimum of the needed data in less than 1 year.The HSE integrated risk asssessment methodology presented in this paper is applicable to similar heavy oil green fields to identify potential failure modes associated with well blowouts and other...

Process Safety Management (PSM), though not a relatively new concept, has been implemented by many organizations to eliminate incidents like tragic Bhopal catastrophe; however, even after more than 25 years has been passed; still we are encountering disasters which occurred in different parts of the world. The BP Texas City incident and consequent Baker Panel Report have made it explicitly clear that PSM had to be established and administered as a distinct management system having its own management tools. Though every organization has its own metrics to manage Process Safety Management, however, the importance lies exactly whether those metrics (performance indicators) are rightly chosen or not. This paper presents holistic review of various process safety metrics suggested and developed by well-known international bodies.