Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor or inflammatory pseudotumor was first described by Brunn in 1932. Umiker et al. named it so in 1954 for its ability to mimic malignancy clinically and radiologically [Med Pediatr Oncol 2000; 35(5): 484–7]. This tumor, characterized by its rareness, affects mainly the lung and the orbit. Histologically, the tumor is characterized by the presence of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, polymorphs, lymphocytes, and neutrophils. This case report and review of literature present a male patient, 37 years old, with a bulky mediastinal lesion at the topography of the 4th rib. Histopathology reveals Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (HL) concomitant with inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT). This report aims to emphasize the relevance of differential diagnoses to a better medical assistance. To the best of our knowledge, a case with this characteristic has never been seen before.

INTRODUCTION Peak bone mass, which is the maximal bone mass accrued by an individual by the time it is reached the skeletal maturation, presents a determinant role in bone health throughout adulthood. It is attained between the end of the second and the beginning of the third decade of life, being 40 to 60% of its amount acquired during adolescence. Calcium is an essential mineral for bone formation. So, it is of paramount importance that adolescents and young adults meet their Dietary Reference Intake for calcium (DRI-Ca) to assure adequate bone mass acquisition. Several recent studies, both in our country and in a worldwide context, have shown that a significant proportion of individuals at those ages do not reach their DRI-Ca. AIM OF THE STUDY: Recognize the calcium dietary intake (Ca-DI) among a small sample sized group of teenagers and young adults in Brasilia, Brazil, and compare the obtained data with the recommended DRI-Ca according to the specific age group. It corresponds to the preliminary branch of a more robust ongoing study. PATIENTS AND METHODS Cross sectional pilot study carried out with 15 to 18-year-old adolescents and 19 to 23-year-old young adults attending a university health fair. It was used a validated questionnaire and Ca-DI was determined using the International Osteoporosis Foundation calculator. The obtained data was compared to the DRI-Ca according to the age range: 1,300 mg/day for the adolescent group and 1,000 mg/day for young adults (Institute of Medicine, USA) . RESULTS Thirty-four individuals were included (20 females). Mean age was 18.9 ± 2 yr. Sixteen individuals (12 females) were in the adolescent group and 18 (8 females) in the young adult one. Average Ca-DI for both groups were below their respective DRI-Ca. Mean Ca-DI was 751.8 ± 384 mg/day (57.8 ± 29.5% of DRI-Ca) in the adolescent group, with no difference between sexes (p = 0.22). In the young adult group mean Ca-DI was 792.8 ± 346.6 mg/day (79.3 ± 34.7% of DRI-Ca). In the latter group female individuals showed significantly lower (615.5 ± 131.2 mg) Ca-DI when compared to males (934.6 ± 404 mg), p = 0.038. There was no statistical difference when comparing both age groups regarding their reached percentage of DRI-Ca (p = 0.06). CONCLUSION Although these results were based on a small preliminary cross-sectional study, they may signalize a real warning concerning low Ca dietary intake among adolescents and young adults in our population, especially by the female young adult group.

The snATAC + snRNA platform allows epigenomic profiling of open chromatin and gene expression with single-cell resolution. The most critical assay step is to isolate high-quality nuclei to proceed with droplet-base single nuclei isolation and barcoding. With the increasing popularity of multiomic profiling in various fields, there is a need for optimized and reliable nuclei isolation methods, mainly for human tissue samples. Herein we compared different nuclei isolation methods for cell suspensions, such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC, n = 18) and a solid tumor type, ovarian cancer (OC, n = 18), derived from debulking surgery. Nuclei morphology and sequencing output parameters were used to evaluate the quality of preparation. Our results show that NP-40 detergent-based nuclei isolation yields better sequencing results than collagenase tissue dissociation for OC, significantly impacting cell type identification and analysis. Given the utility of applying such techniques to frozen samples, we also tested frozen preparation and digestion (n = 6). A paired comparison between frozen and fresh samples validated the quality of both specimens. Finally, we demonstrate the reproducibility of scRNA and snATAC + snRNA platform, by comparing the gene expression profiling of PBMC. Our results highlight how the choice of nuclei isolation methods is critical for obtaining quality data in multiomic assays. It also shows that the measurement of expression between scRNA and snRNA is comparable and effective for cell type identification.

INTRODUCTION: Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine neoplasia. The predominant histological variant is the papillary subtype. Tumors with 1 centimeter diameter or less are defined as papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). The clinical diagnosis of PTMC is challenging. The evaluation of the gland includes mostly image methods and fine-needle aspiration (FNA). Nevertheless, the sensibility of these techniques, when compared to total thyroid histology, is less than desired. AIM OF THE STUDY: Recognize the real prevalence of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) based on histological evaluation of the total gland among a group of adults in Brasilia, Brazil, and compare the data with the clinical suspicion of PTMC established by FNA and ultrasonography (USG). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective cohort study based on medical records of 76 patients who underwent surgical thyroidectomy treatment for several types of thyroid diseases at the University Hospital of Brasilia - Brazil, from 2005 to 2015. A full inclusion of the surgical specimen was made and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. All of the preparations were evaluated by an expert pathologist. The histopathological report was compared to the previous clinical diagnosis, which was based on FNA and USG of the gland. In addition, the exams results were stratified by the Bethesda criteria. RESULTS: Seventy-six individuals with the histopathology diagnosis of PTMC were included (68 were females). A total of 65 FNA and 57 USG results were evaluated, 6 patients had only the histopathologic diagnosis of PTMC. A total of 52 patients had both USG and FNA of the thyroid. All of the patients that had USG records had at least one thyroid nodule, 52,6% of them had multiple nodules. Regarding the FNA results, only 9,2% were classified as Bethesda I; 21,5% as Bethesda II; 7,7% Bethesda III; 7,7% Bethesda IV; 10,8% Bethesda V; 43,1% Bethesda VI. At this cohort, 19 patients were false negatives. The sensibility of FNA for diagnosis of PTMC was 67,79%. CONCLUSION: Despite careful evaluation of the patients, there might have false negatives results. Total thyroid total inclusion of surgical specimen is not a routine diagnostic tool, making less invasive new diagnosis methods desirable.