A recuperação de diferentes ecossistemas degradados demanda pesquisas com espécies florestais nativas que possam subsidiar programas de recuperação florestal. A produção de mudas com espécies arbóreas nativas em associação com os microrganismos do solo é uma importante técnica para a reabilitação desses ambientes. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos da inoculação com fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs) e nutrição fosfatada sobre o crescimento e conteúdos nutricionais de mudas de paricá [Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby)]. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação por um período de 75 dias, utilizando-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4 x 4, inoculação com os FMAs: Rhizophagus clarus, Gigaspora margarita, inóculo misto (Rhizophagus clarus + Gigaspora margarita) e controle (sem FMAs); quatro doses de P: 0, 60, 120 e 180 mg dm-3 de solo, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliadas as variáveis altura, matéria seca da parte área (MSPA), matéria seca da raiz (MSR), área foliar (AF), diâmetro do coleto (DC) e os conteúdos de N, P, K, Ca e Mg na parte aérea. As mudas de paricá apresentaram maior porcentagem de colonização para Rhizophagus clarus e o inóculo misto (80 e 90%, respectivamente), diferentemente do observado para a espécie Gigaspora margarita, com menor porcentagem (20%). O Rhizophagus clarus e o inóculo misto, na ausência de P, propiciaram incremento para as variáveis de crescimento em relação ao controle. Os conteúdos de N, P, Ca e Mg foram influenciados pelos FMAs e pelas doses de P.
Growth and yield of marigold flowers in response to mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphorusAn experiment was carried out at greenhouse conditions in order to evaluate the effects of inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphorus on growth and production of capitula of marigold (Calendula officinalis) plants. Inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus clarum, Gigaspora margarita and control (without fungus), as well as phosphate fertilization (50 mg/dm 3 ) or no fertilization were made. The experiment design was a randomized complete block, in a 3x2 factorial scheme, with four replications. In soils without addition of phosphate fertilizers, the inoculation of marigold plants with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Gigaspora margarita resulted in higher plants (27.9 cm), with higher dry weight of the aboveground part (4.22 g/plant) and roots, more units of flowering capitula (16.5) and higher dry mass of flowering capitula (0.51 g/capitula) compared to non-mycorrhizal plants (19.8 cm, 3.49 g/plant, 7.0 and 0.22 g/capitula, respectively).
ResumoO trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de fontes nitrogenadas sobre o crescimento inicial, os teores nutricionais e os fenóis totais contidos nas folhas do ramo primário de três espécies de Passiflora e ainda, os efeitos dessas fontes sobre a composição química do substrato de cultivo. O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento em blocos casualizados em sistema fatorial 4×3, sendo quatro fontes nitrogenadas (esterco bovino + nitrato de amônio; esterco bovino + sulfato de amônio; esterco bovino + ureia e esterco bovino) e três espécies de Passiflora (Passiflora edulis, Passiflora alata e Passiflora ligularis), com quatro repetições. A espécie P. edulis apresentou maior comprimento, diâmetro e número de brotações do ramo primário em relação às espécies P. alata, e P. ligularis. Os maiores teores de fenóis totais e menores teores de N na massa seca foliar foram observados nas espécies P. alata e P. ligularis adubadas apenas com esterco bovino. Entre as espécies de Passiflora estudadas, a espécie P. edulis apresentou maiores teores foliares de N, P, K e Ca. De acordo com a análise química dos substratos, o tratamento com apenas esterco bovino causou maior pH, maior teor de P e de K, maior soma de bases e maior índice de saturação de bases. Palavras-chave: Passiflora alata, Passiflora edulis, Passiflora ligularis, adubação.Growth, mineral composition and total phenol of Passiflora species as affected by nitrogen sources AbstractThe study aimed to evaluate the influence of nitrogen sources on the initial growth, the nutritional status and total phenol content in leaves of the primary branch of three species of Passiflora. The effects of nitrogen sources on the chemical composition of the plant substrate were also evaluated. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, evaluating four nitrogen sources (manure+ammonium nitrate; manure+ammonium sulfate; manure+urea; and manure) and three species of Passiflora (Passiflora edulis, Passiflora alata and Passiflora ligularis), with four replications. The P. edulis showed greater length, diameter and number of shoots on the primary branch than P. alata and P. ligularis. The highest total phenolic content and lower concentration of N in leaf dry mass were observed in P. alata and P. ligularis fertilized with only manure. Among the Passiflora species studied, P. edulis had the highest concentrations of N, P, K and Ca. According to the chemical analysis of the substrates, the manure treatment caused higher pH, higher content of P and K, higher sum of bases and higher bases saturation index.
Over the last decade, conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) in consortium with wood trees has been established to improve environmental conditions. Little is known about how individual wood trees and banana affect soil quality when intercropped with conilon coffee. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the impacts of intercropping organic conilon coffee with different wood tree species and banana on C balance. Five cultivation systems including conilon coffee monoculture and intercropped with Inga edulis, Gliricidia sepium, BRS Japira banana (Musa sp.), or Bactris gasipaes were studied in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates at the south of Espírito Santo State, Brazil. A primary forest fragment adjacent to the experiment was also evaluated for comparison with the consortium. Samples of topsoil (0 to 10 cm) were collected in 2016 to evaluate the total organic C and total N. Soil temperature and moisture at 0 to 5 cm depth and the CO2 emission were measured monthly over one year. The species planted with the conilon coffee promoted a 5.52% decrease in the soil temperature and a 17% increase in the soil moisture content. They also promoted an increase in annual C balance, especially intercropped with Gliricidia and Inga (4.70 and 3.56 Mg ha-1, respectively), with a substantial increase in the soil total organic C and total N in both systems.
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