We conducted an integrative review on oral manifestations in patients with COVID‐19 based on the current available literature evidence. A bibliographic search was carried out on March 11, 2021, among published studies in the years 2019–2021 in the PubMed database and based on the search strategy (“COVID‐19” AND “oral lesions” OR “oral mucositis” OR “oral manifestation”). After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 29 articles were considered suitable for this review. A total of 110 cases of patients with COVID‐19 who had oral manifestations were reported. The presence of ulcerated lesions was the most common finding, having a herpetiform and aphthous clinical pattern observed in most cases. Macules, petechiae, hemorrhagic blisters, pustular enanthem, mucositis, and halitosis were also among the most frequently described oral manifestations. The tongue was the most commonly affected site, followed by the palate and lip. Most of the reported cases were diagnosed only by the clinical aspect of the lesion associated with a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 test or the presence of other COVID‐19 symptoms. Current scientific evidence still could not affirm that most of the oral lesions observed in patients with COVID‐19 are related to the virus's direct or indirect action on the oral mucosa. To confirm this association, prospective and longitudinal studies are further needed, together with a larger number of patients, complemented by histopathological examination of these lesions. Additionally, molecular techniques, such as immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, may be necessary to perform the differential diagnosis with other oral lesions.

Objetivo: O objetivo do texto é esclarecer de forma objetiva os profissionais de Odontologia sobre o método oral de autotestagem para detecção do vírus HIV (Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana), além de abordar fatores positivos e negativos dessa nova abordagem. Material e Métodos: A literatura utilizada foi obtida por pesquisa sobre o assunto nas bases de dados: PubMed, portal de periódicos CAPES, Medline, BBO, LILACS e Scielo, abrangendo prioritariamente, o período de 2012 a 2019. Resultados: A Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (AIDS) continua sendo um importante problema público de saúde mundial e seu diagnóstico rápido e preciso é de fundamental importância. Alternativas ao diagnóstico sanguíneo convencional têm ganhado destaque, dentre eles, está o uso da saliva. O teste rápido de HIV realizado por meio da saliva tem despertado interesse e curiosidade dos profissionais da saúde e pacientes, uma vez que sua detecção pode ser mais precisa no início do curso da infecção. Além disso, autoteste oral para detecção do vírus HIV proporciona um resultado rápido e confiável em 20 minutos. Conclusão: O teste rápido de HIV feito pelo método oral de autotestagem através da saliva tem grande potencial de facilitar o diagnóstico e permitir o tratamento dos pacientes infectados pelo vírus HIV. Dessa forma, esse teste pode melhorar aspectos de saúde pública relacionados a HIV/AIDS, além de influenciar positivamente a qualidade de vida dos pacientes HIV positivos

Objective: This study is the first to analyse the prevalence of oral candidiasis in oncohaematological patients by physical and oral cytopathological examinations.Methods: This is a cross-sectional and observational study with a retrospective sample composed of participants hospitalised in the haematology clinic, who were diagnosed with haematological diseases. All participants received an oral mucosal examination and scraping from oral mucosa.Results: Of the 62 participants, 56.5% were male and 82.3% were white, with mean age of 57 years. Lymphoma was the most common haematological disease (24.2%). In total, 48.4% of the sample was diagnosed with oral candidiasis. Of the participants with oral candidiasis, 13 (21.0%) had a clinical diagnosis. Cytopathological analysis revealed 17 more (27.4%) cases without oral lesions indicative of candidiasis. Erythematous candidiasis (P = 0.02), pseudomembranous candidiasis (P < 0.001), clinical candidiasis (P < 0.001), fibrous hyperplasia (P = 0.032), and coated tongue (P = 0.012) showed a correlation with a candidiasis cytopathological diagnosis. Conclusions:Oral candidiasis is common among patients with haematological disease, and the cytopathological examination proved to be a useful tool, confirming clinical diagnosis of candidiasis and identifying subclinical cases. These data are of great relevance considering the possible complications that these patients may develop, such as longer hospitalisations, worsening of the general condition or even death due to candidemia.