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Uso de geotecnologias para avaliação do desempenho produtivo paraense na produção de mel, no período de 2008-2018 Use of geotechnologies to assess Pará's productive performance in honey production, in the period 2008-2018

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Land use and management systems are factors that control availability and nitrogen (N) forms in soil environment. The aim was to evaluate the inorganic N fractions dynamics in soil under different use and management systems in Brazilian Eastern Amazon conditions. Soils were sampled at depths of 0.0-0.1 and 0.1-0.2 m in areas under pasture (PAST), no-tillage (NT), conventional tillage (CT) and a reference area under fallow vegetation (FV). In the samples, soil organic matter (SOM), total-N, ammonium (N-NH4+) and nitrate (N-NO3-) contents were determined and the urease enzyme activity was measured. In CT and NT the SOM contents were similar to those found in FV, with an average of 36.7 g kg-1, while under PAST there was a 16.6% reduction when compared to the reference area. The total-N levels followed the same dynamics found for SOM. The ammonium concentration was 2.4 times higher in soils under FV (14 mg kg-1) when compared to other systems and nitrate followed the order NT> CT> FV=PAST. The pasture (44 µg N-NH4+ g-1 soil h-1), among soils for agricultural use, induced the highest ureolytic activity. The preserved soil conversion from native forest to pasture caused a 16.6% reduction in the SOM contents and 55.5% and 46% for ammonium and nitrate, respectively. On the other hand, the NT system has the capacity to accumulate SOM in a similar way to the area of native vegetation studied, as well as a high capacity to retain N in the soil, preferentially in the nitrate form.