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Introdução: A doença renal crônica (DRC) é uma condição patológica clínica, que prejudica as funçõesfiltração, reabsorção, secreção, excreção -e estruturas do rim, com altas taxas de incidência e prevalência, e que possui diversas causas, dentre elas, o uso contínuo de medicamentos, que ativa vias fisiopatológicas, sendo necessário, em suas manifestações moderadas a graves, intervenção terapêutica, a qual juntamente com os sintomas oriundos da doença, principalmente a insuficiência renal crônica, afetam severamente a qualidade de vida desses pacientes. Objetivo: Apresentar uma revisão de literatura dos aspectos fisiopatológicos, epidemiológicos e de qualidade de vida envolvidos na doença renal crônica induzida por medicamento.

Background Obtaining an adequate image of the needle by ultrasound reduces complications resulting from punctures, increasing patient safety and reducing hospitalization costs. Objectives To verify human perception in relation to number of pixels, while also identifying the best puncture angle and which needle should be used, and to evaluate whether there is a difference if needle visualization software is used. Methods 20 images were analyzed by 103 students who classified them as being sufficient or insufficient and were compared with the quality observed using photoshop. We evaluated whether there were differences between puncture angles of less than 45º and more than 45º, between IV catheter and introducer needles, and between images obtained with and without visualization software. Results There was a higher percentage of sufficient ratings for images those that had more than 60 pixels and when the puncture angle was less than 45º, with significant associations between students’ evaluations and each of these groups (p < 0.001). The percentages of images classified as sufficient were higher for images in which a IV catheter was used and also higher for those using the needle visualization software, with significant associations between the results for students’ classifications and each of these groups (p < 0.001). Conclusions The human eye classifies an image as sufficient according to higher numbers of pixels. Images of punctures at angles smaller than 45º in relation to the surface, of punctures performed with a IV catheter, and when using specific visualization software are also better detected by the human eye.

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