O presente trabalho objetivou conhecer a composição florística de um Parque Ecológico situado em uma região de Caatinga. O estudo foi conduzido no Parque das Pedras, localizado no município de Pocinhos (PB). O levantamento ocorreu no período de outubro de 2003 a outubro de 2004, onde as espécies em estágio reprodutivo (floração e frutificação) foram coletadas, identificadas e classificadas de acordo com a bibliografia. Registrou-se um total de 72 espécies, pertencentes a 28 famílias e designadas a 59 gêneros. Fabaceae (N=11), Cactaceae (N=6), Anacardiaceae (N=5), Rubiaceae (N=5) e Euphorbiaceae (N=4) foram as famílias de maior riqueza, compondo em conjunto 43% das espécies coletadas. A distribuição botânica quanto ao estrato foi homogênea, com arbustos (32%), herbáceas (30%) e árvores (22%) possuindo número de espécies semelhantes. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que a alta porcentagem das herbáceas está vinculada a períodos de maior disponibilidade hídrica, como o registrado durante a coleta dos espécimes. A riqueza vegetal no Parque das Pedras reforça a ideia de que se deve estabelecer estratégias urgentes e eficazes de manejo e conservação da biota do bioma Caatinga.
Phenological studies help determine the reproductive and vegetative patterns of plants, contributing to knowledge about dynamics in an environment. We studied the reproductive phenological patterns of five Rubiaceae species in an Atlantic Forest area, evaluating their seed dispersal syndromes and the effects of climatic variables on flowering and fruiting phenology. We monitored reproductive individuals of five species biweekly from February 2015 to February 2016 (one-year period). For each reproductive phenophase, we evaluated the Fournier index and intrapopulational synchronicity. Spearman’s rank correlation was used to determine possible correlations between phenological phenophases and rainfall, temperature and photoperiod. Seed dispersal syndromes were based on morphological analysis and Van der Pijl classification. The Rubiaceae community showed a continuous pattern of flowering and fruiting. However, when analysing phenological patterns by species, there was a higher concentration of phenophases and synchronicity of populations in the rainy season. Flowering and fruiting were positively correlated with temperature and historical average rainfall. Zoochory was the predominant seed dispersal syndrome, indicating the importance of the Rubiaceae family as a year-round resource for frugivorous communities. Temperature and rainfall regulate the reproductive phenophases similarly, resulting in a high level of synchrony between them.
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