Background: Respiratory muscle strength has been related to the postoperative outcome of cardiac surgeries. The main documented therapeutic purpose of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is the reduction of pain, which could bring secondary benefits to the respiratory muscles and, consequently, to lung capacities and volumes.Objectives: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of short-duration transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in the reduction of pain and its possible influence on respiratory muscle strength and lung capacity and volumes of patients in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery.Methods: Twenty five patients with mean age of 59.9 ± 10.3 years, of whom 72% were men, and homogeneous as regards weight and height, were randomly assigned to two groups. One group received therapeutic TENS (n = 13) and the other, placebo TENS (n = 12), for four hours on the third postoperative day of cardiac surgery. Pain was analyzed by means of a visual analogue scale, and of respiratory muscle strength as measured by maximum respiratory pressures and lung capacity and volumes before and after application of TENS.
Results
A Síndrome da bexiga urinária hiperativa neurogênica, de alta prevalência, é causada principalmente pela hiperatividade do músculo detrusor da bexiga. A patofisiologia ainda é pouco elucidada e existem algumas opções de tratamento cirúrgico e clínico. Muitas vezes são necessários tratamentos conjuntos para melhores resultados. As pesquisas sobre intervenções conservadoras têm crescido nos últimos anos, apontando para novas estratégias de manejo dos sintomas. A eletrostimulação transcutânea do nervo tibial posterior é uma delas, que tem mostrado resultados promissores, de fácil aplicação, boa adesão, baixo custo e com eficiência.
Objective: To examine the effectiveness of hip strengthening exercises in reducing pain and disability in persons with low back pain. Methods: We searched for randomized controlled clinical trials on MEDLINE, the Physiotherapy Evidence Database, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, LILACS, Scielo and CINAHL from the earliest date available to June 2020. Studies that included hip strengthening exercises for persons with low back pain and included pain and/or disability as an outcome measure were evaluated by two independent reviewers. Mean difference (MD), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated by random effect models. Results: Five studies met the eligibility criteria (309 patients). Four studies included hip strengthening in conjunction with other interventions, while one study evaluated hip strengthening as a standalone intervention. Hip strengthening exercises improved pain (MD −5.4 mm, 95% CI: −8.9 to −1.8 mm), and disability (MD −2.9; 95% CI: −5.6 to −0.1) in persons with low back pain compared to interventions in which hip strengthening was not utilized. The quality of evidence for the pain outcome, was assessed as being moderate. The quality of evidence for the outcome of self-reported disability, was assessed as being low. Conclusion: Addition of specific hip strengthening exercises to conventional rehabilitation therapy may be beneficial for improving pain and disability in persons with low back pain.
Introdução. A Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica (ELA) é uma doença neuromuscular fatal marcada pelo comprometimento dos motoneurônios da medula espinhal, tronco cerebral e córtex motor, provocando atrofia muscular progressiva. Na maioria desses pacientes o grau de consciência permanece intacto, fazendo com que o individuo se veja conectado ao meio ambiente e prisioneiro do seu corpo. As conseqüências da doença levam à alterações no esquema e imagem corporal. Objetivo. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar de forma quantitativa e qualitativa o esquema e imagem corporal de indivíduos com ELA através da análise de desenhos da figura humana. Métodos. Foram analisados 10 indivíduos com diagnóstico de ELA, 80% do sexo masculino, com idade média de 56 4,19 anos, através do Teste da Figura Humana, que foi avaliado de forma qualitativa e quantitativa, individual e em grupo. Resultados. As principais alterações observadas nos desenhos foram ausência de partes do corpo e de movimento, além de alterações relacionadas com as características particulares apresentadas pelos indivíduos e com o quadro geral da doença. A análise da imagem corporal aponta para prejuízos relacionados à insatisfação, depreciação, distorção e preocupação com a auto imagem. Conclusão. Essa constatação leva a crer que o conhecimento do esquema e imagem corporal é útil como mais uma forma de avaliação e proposta de tratamento em programas de reabilitação.
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