Introduction: Schistosomiasis, caused by infection from Schistosoma mansoni, is a disease that represents an important public health problem for Brazil, especially for states in the Northeast region. Thus, the aim of this study is to present a new epidemiological profile for the disease in a municipality with low prevalence in the state of Alagoas, Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted through a coproparasitological and malacological survey. A structured questionnaire was applied to the study participants to survey possible risk factors and a spatial analysis (kernel density) was used to measure the risk of infection. Results: Of the 347 participants, 106 (30.5%) were infected by Schistosoma mansoni, most of them from the urban area of the municipality (68.9%; 73/106). A 3-fold risk of infection was found for individuals living in the urban area and a risk of 2.15 times for self-declared farmers. Biomphalaria glabrata and B. straminea were the species found in the municipality, but no animals were diagnosed as infected by the parasite. Spatial analysis showed a random distribution of vectors and human cases of the disease, and the formation of two clusters of human cases in the urban area was seen. Conclusions: A new epidemiological profile for schistosomiasis from S. mansoni infection was presented in a municipality of low endemicity: a high proportion of positive individuals in the urban area; presence of snails without positive diagnosis for S. mansoni infection; random distribution of vectors and human cases; and absence of association between classical risk factors and human infection.

Objetivo: verificar a taxa de prevalência e realizar uma caracterização epidemiológica dos casos de COVID-19 na 9ª Região de Saúde de Alagoas, incluídos todos os casos registrados até 30 de setembro 2020. Métodos: os dados foram obtidos por meio da Secretaria de Estado da Saúde do Governo Estadual de Alagoas. Após a obtenção dos dados, realizou-se o cálculo de prevalência da doença para cada município da região, e, posteriormente, fez-se uma análise descritiva das principais características epidemiológicas, dos sintomas e das comorbidades relatadas pelos pacientes; o Odds Ratio dos óbitos e comorbidades também foi calculado. Resultados: 5.564 casos de COVID-19 foram registrados na região no período estudado. Santana do Ipanema foi o município com maior número de casos (1.295), Palestina apresentou a maior prevalência (5082,4/100.000 hab.). A maioria dos pacientes, de cor parda, com idade entre 31 e 40 anos, relatou ter tosse e febre. A diabetes foi a comorbidade mais relatada, e doenças cardiovasculares, hipertensão e diabetes as comorbidades significativamente associadas aos óbitos. Conclusões: os resultados aqui encontrados auxiliam na adoção de medidas e práticas preventivas, levando em consideração a taxa de prevalência da doença, dando importância, assim, aos municípios prioritários neste momento.

Schistosomiasis mansoni is a parasitic disease very associated with social, economic, cultural and political factors, and the state of Alagoas is one of Brazil's most endemic states for parasitosis. Thus, this article aims to present the epidemiological profile of schistosomiasis in municipalities of the 7th health region of Alagoas for the period from 2010 to 2016. This is a descriptive and quantitative research that was performed from the data obtained by Information System of the Schistosomiasis Control Program (SISPCE) and System of Notification of Diseases of Information (SINAN) of the Unified Health System (SUS). All municipalities in the studied region have a positivity ranging between 0.25% and 13.03%, which characterizes them as low prevalence municipalities. As for the positivity, only one municipality presented in any period of the study a moderate infection intensity. All municipalities in the study area reported severe cases of the disease in SINAN during the study period. Two species of epidemiologically important snails were recorded in two cities of the health region under study, B. glabrata and B. straminea, and only the animals of the first species were found positive for Schistosoma mansoni infection. Thus, the data from the present study show that the 7th health region of Alagoas presents schistosomiasis as a relevant public health problem, which requires that measures to contain the disease to improve the quality of life of the population of this region.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar aspectos relacionados com a positividade para esquistossomose em área de baixa prevalência, no Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado no primeiro semestre de 2020, quando foram analisadas a proporção de positividade, em função do número de lâminas de Kato-Katz, o desempenho diagnóstico do teste e a estimação da positividade a partir dos dados do Sistema de Informação do Programa de Vigilância e Controle da Esquistossomose (SISPCE). Resultados: Foram analisadas 2.088 lâminas de 348 indivíduos, sendo a proporção de positividade de 11,8%, 26,7% e 31,0% para 1, 4 e 6 lâminas analisadas, respectivamente. Houve concordância excelente (índice Kappa = 0,91) na comparação entre as leituras de 4 e 6 lâminas. Foi estimada subnotificação de 2,1 vezes nos dados do SISPCE. Conclusão: Ampliar o número de lâminas aumentou a positividade do Kato-Katz, o que pode contribuir para maximizar o controle da doença enquanto problema de Saúde Pública.

Wastewater released into the environment without proper treatment contributes to the high prevalence of parasitic infections. We aimed to investigate the occurrence of parasites in sewage waters in both rainy and dry seasons in the city of Santana do Ipanema, Brazil. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out between the months of June, July (rainy season) and October (dry season) of 2021. A total of 50 streets were selected by a sample calculation in the Epi Info™ program. From each street, two wastewater samples were collected in both climatic periods. In the laboratory, the water samples were submitted to the Bailenger method with some adaptations and analyzed under an optic microscope. In the rainy season, we detected Strongyloides stercoralis (87.6%; 134), Strongylus spp. (4.6%; 7), Ancylostomides (2.0%; 3) and Iodamoeba butschlii (62.5%; 5), and in the dry season, it was detected S. stercoralis (55.0%; 71), Metastrongylids (19.4%; 25), Ancylostomides (12.4%; 16) and I. butschlii (76.5%; 13). The spatial analysis has shown that most hotspots were associated with S. stercoralis, mainly during periods of intense rainfall and close to river areas. Thus, the city population is subject to infections, especially by helminths regardless of seasonality.