The article focuses on a wide range of cybersecurity issues related to the use of digital technologies in healthcare. Many countries are increasingly adopting digital innovations into their national health systems and therefore raise their cybersecurity risks. The number of cyberattacks on health care organizations is steadily increasing; and the COVID-19 pandemic, which has required more frequent use of digital technologies to address public health challenges, has also influenced the proliferation of criminal cyberattacks. The aim of the study was to describe the main types of criminal, mostly digital, risks for digital health and identify the most important ways to counteract them. The article includes an analysis of international and national regulatory documents, foreign scientific literature, reports of organizations dealing with cybersecurity issues. In preparing it, the authors used general and specific scientific methods including analysis, synthesis, formal and legal analysis, historical method, interdisciplinary research, and expert assessment. The authors conclude that the increasing use of digital technologies in health care, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, expands the number of targets for cybercriminals. Three main types of digital health criminal risks are identified: attacks on health care organizations, attacks on devices used for medical purposes, including those associated with the Internet of Medical Things, and the theft and disclosure of digitally stored confidential medical information. The latter group of acts is committed by both outsiders and employees of healthcare organizations. The vast majority of registered cybercrimes are profit motivated ones, and the most common cybercrime is extortion with the use of malicious software (ransomware). To counter criminal risks for digital health, the authors propose a set of actions divided into three groups such as legal, technical, and educational. According to the authors, international and national criminal law should immediately respond to digital criminal threats to healthcare systems, in particular by making relevant international agreements and by including the manner in which such crimes are committed into criminal laws as an aggravating circumstance. In addition, the authors note the formation of a special direction in cybersecurity research and practice - healthcare cybersecurity - which requires the development of an appropriate industry, with respective hardware, software, informational and educational products that would be aimed at eliminating and reducing the risks for digital health.

The article discusses the problems that arise in connection with the crimes against state and public security committed by use of computer and network technologies. This topic is becoming relevant because some states have already experienced the effects of combat computer viruses, which can be regarded as waging war using cyber weapons. The most famous example is the attack by the Stuxnet computer virus on an Iranian uranium enrichment plant. The virus was created specifically to disable industrial control systems. The use of unmanned ground and air vehicles to carry out terrorist acts is of particular danger. The Russian military in Syria is constantly confronted with terrorist attacks: the Khmeimim aerospace forces base is regularly attacked with unmanned air vehicles - drones. Terrorist acts with the use of computer and network technologies are no less dangerous. The destructive potential of cyberterrorism is determined by the widespread computerization of state and public life, the implementation of projects to create smart cities, including smart transportation, as well as the intensive development of the Internet of things. The purpose of the article is to analyze new criminal threats to state and public security, as well as to study high-tech ways of committing crimes such as sabotage, terrorist acts, and other crimes of a terrorist nature. The cost of their consequences for society is very high, and criminals do not always need to attack social objects directly - it is enough to spread panic among the population using online media, social networks and websites of authorities of various levels, after obtaining illegal access to them. The article describes some of the techniques already used to commit crimes of sabotage and terrorism. The authors draw attention to the priority of cybersecurity both for engineers of devices with elements of artificial intelligence, and for lawmakers who should pay attention to methods of technical forecasting when developing legal norms aimed at prevention of new ways of committing such crimes. When writing the article, the authors used a wide range of Russian and foreign sources of legal, statistical, sociological and other information. The authors used such research methods as analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, formal legal method as well as comparative legal method.

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The actual problems of criminal law and criminalistics with which law enforcement agencies in Arctic have been facing are concerned in the present article. Successful development of Arctic region demands struggling against criminality affected by special climate, geographic, ethnic, social, legal and another factors. These circumstances roughly embarrass the combating with criminality in Arctic, taking into account sparse population of the region, remote location of communities from organs of state power, ingenious people alcohol abusing, negative affecting of harsh arctic conditions on mental health of inhabiting person. Being one of the richest recourse region all over the world, Arctic has becoming the stage of competition between arctic states. Upkeeping of order on Russian arctic territory is very important aim under these circumstances. In the article legal regiment of Arctic is concerned and characteristic of Arctic social and economy situation is given. The authors demonstrate structure of Arctic criminality and crimes committed on this territory are analyzed. Special attention is centered on analyzing of ecological crimes committed in Arctic taking into account wealthy of local fauna and environment. The problems of law enforcement criminalistics providing also are attentively analyzed, for example, issues of criminalistics methodic for crime investigation, usage of the new technic tools and devises of criminalistics, interconnection between investigators and detectives. Such interconnection is embarrassed by remote locations islands from mainland. The article is grounded on extensive materials from empiric, scientific and law origins related to criminality existing in the different Arctic countries (USA, Canada, Russia, Scandinavian states). This article is the first one discussing various problems of combatting criminality in Arctic region. In the process of preparing the article authors have come to conclusion that Arctic crimes there committed poses special sort of criminality - “frozen” criminality. Such sort provided by special factors must be explored in the future in order to get success while combating the criminality in Arctic.

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