Due to the economic and technical progress of countries and regions in Europe, the necessary and possible transport communications, power lines (power lines), various pipelines and other linear structures were laid through the Alpine Mountains. The Caucasian Mountains in this part are strongly lagging behind. The railway crosses the Main Caucasian Ridge (MCR) only in the western part up to the Black Sea coast, and the automobile road is in the Central part through the Cross Pass along the Georgian Military Highway and the Roksky Pass along the Military Ossetian Road. The Gas pipelines and power lines were laid in the same areas. At the beginning of the 11th century, the Dzuarikau - Tskhinval pipeline was laid to provide gas to the population of South Ossetia. In the peak position this gas pipeline is the highest one on a global scale being of a particular organizational interest. Of the same interest is the construction of a road through the Roksky Pass, hereinafter referred to as Transkam. Organizationally, these two linear structures had to be laid on the automobile road as a temporary one and a technologically advanced soil and gravel road on the gas pipeline at an absolute height of more than 3,000 meters. These roads have important social, economic, agricultural and strategic importance which is considered in this article.

Introduction. Roads, as linear engineering structures in mountainous conditions for the sake of traffic safety, should provide a smooth interface and their harmonious combination with the surrounding landscape with the use of longitudinal slopes and radii on curves that reduce accidents and injuries. Anthropogenic intervention on the mountain natural landscape, for the purpose of road construction, is not always safe, because weak soils come into dynamics and the functioning of the road is complicated. For this , it is necessary to conduct a spatial analysis and an integrated approach to the issue, covering all aspects of landscape design of the road to eliminate negative consequences. The essence of the question. The design of highways in mountainous areas without observing the landscape principles of safe operation and with less dynamic shifts of the roadbed leads to a violation of the relief forms, with the implementation of large volumes of earthworks necessary to ensure the projected slope. Research methods. In the process of writing the article, the following methods were used: analysis - in the search and analysis of literature on the subject; observation and comparison in the study and selection of the optimal option. Conclusions: 1. When designing highways in mountain landscapes, it is necessary to find a harmonious combination of the functioning of the road and the landscape itself. 2. A scientifically based analysis and correct choice of landscape design elements in the operation of the road will reduce the dynamics of slope phenomena, the number of accidents, the cost of road maintenance, which contribute to improving safety on mountain roads.

The life cycle of a road in mountainous conditions, as a complex dynamic system, is fundamentally different from the plain. The comparison issues in terms of work technology and road safety are completely incompatible. In the same system, the methods for optimizing safety problems are incompatible, as the road transport system on the plain is almost in a static position, and it turns into a complex dynamic systemin mountainous conditions, from the impact on it of slope phenomena such as mudslides, landslides talus and avalanche-glacial (ice) are referred to in the literature this time as surface or exogenous processes. The qualitative indicators of these mutually influencing factors are under investigation. Faced with a multitude of terminological varieties, in order of discussion, it would be correct to call them “Slope phenomena”. Depending on the location of the centers of development of slope phenomena and their impact on the road to the axis of the road, they transform the road transport system into a complex dynamic system from a static state. Slope phenomena on mountain roads are a big problem and the optimal safety solution from each type of impact on the road is of current importance, as generally theoptional safety is ensured in a complex dynamic system in mountain conditions.

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