Levan Tsagareli untersucht die semantische Funktion des intrakulturellen Fremden im Roman des georgischen Autors Grigol Robakidse »Die Hüter des Grals«, der 1937 während seines Exils in Deutschland verfasst wurde. Der Roman wird angesichts seines performativen Charakters als eine Reaktion auf die Sowjetisierung Georgiens gelesen: Er konstruiert affektiv aufgeladene Selbst- und Fremdbilder mit dem Ziel, bei der Leserschaft bestimmte Einstellungen und Handlungen auszulösen. Indem Robakidse die Selbst- und Fremdbilder anhand ideologischer (und nicht ethnischer) Merkmale trennt, ordnet er Georgien der abendländischen Kultur zu. Zugleich richtet sich die Konstruktion des georgischen Selbstbildes an einen europäischen bzw. deutschen Rezipienten und bezweckt, diesen mit einem unbekannten Land vertraut zu machen. Folglich kann »Die Hüter des Grals« als ein exophones Projekt gelesen werden, welches georgische und abendländische Identitäten miteinander verbinden und diese »dem Bolschewiken« als dem kulturellen Anderen entgegenstellen sollte.
The exile in Germany allowed the Georgian writer Grigol Robakidse to re-work national myths and history more freely. Hence it appears legitimate to read Robakidse’s novel Die Hüter des Grals that was written and published during his exile period as a fiction of memory. The text aims to counteract social oblivion and to prevent the loss of the Georgian identity. Recalling the national past becomes an act of resistance against Soviet rulers and is determined to serve as a weapon against suppression. To do so, the novel allocates the entire storyline to a mythically determined framework that is designed as a fusion of the Georgian and European mythologems, thus demonstrating the proximity of the corresponding cultural traditions. By staging a fight between various interpretations of the past, it not only (re)constructs but also remythologizes the national identity and attaches to it a universal significance. The characters and spaces of the novel are configured in a way that the Georgian (and the congruent Occidental) self-image is represented as sacred, whereas the intracultural (Bolshevist) hetero-image undergoes demonization. According to the conception of the text, a special cultural mission is assigned to Georgia as a country that is able to fulfill the role of a guardian of the Occident’s spirit, its past, and its values.
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