EuroSCORE II significantly underestimated mortality risk for Turkish cardiac patients, whereas additive and logistic EuroSCORE and STS risk calculators were well calibrated.

Based on our experience, cardiovascular surgeons should be aware of the concomitance of these diseases. It is therefore recommended that coronary angiography should be performed on all patients who present with left atrial myxomas.

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Background: Due t o reported high morbidity and mortality, surgeons tend not t o endarterectomize the diffusely diseased right coronary artery. Most prefer n o t t o bypass this ' artery in such situation. We compared t h e endarterectomized right coronary patients with patients having total occlusion of right coronary artery not needing endarterectomy w h o received right coronary artery (RCA) bypass. Material and Methods: Between August 1998 and May 2000,1226 patients had coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) a t Alkan Hospital, of whom 59 had right coronary artery endarterectomy (REC) along with RCA bypass with saphenous vein graft. We compared t h e results of 59 RCE patients with 50 patients w h o underwent RCA bypass without RCE. Results: Compared with the control group, the RCE group had a higher incidence of diabetes. There were no statistically significant differences between groups for mortality and morbidity. Among postoperative variables only the crossclamp time was longer for the RCE group (33.5 & 10 min vs. 27.3 & 8 min, p < 0.05). Surviving patients were followed for a mean period of 7 & 5 months. No recurrence of angina occurred during the follow-up. Control angiography at t h e sixth month was performed o n 42 RCE patients accepting the procedure, and all grafts were found patent. Conclusion: Endarterectomy for diffusely atherosclerotic right coronary artery for selected patients did not bring additional mortality and morbidity t o t h e CABG procedure, and short term clinical and angiographic results were excellent. fJ Card Surg 2002; 17:267-266) Coronary endarterectomy was first described by Bailey et al. in 1957, as a method of treatment for coronary artery disease without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass and coronary artery bypass

In this study, a novel rotating permanent magnetic actuator (PMA) system is proposed to manipulate magnetic nanofluids to pump chemicals inside micro-sized channels with circular paths. The PMA consists of two permanent magnet pairs and a rotor-like structure. A semicircular-shaped microchannel with a square cross-section area is located at the top of the actuator in order to investigate the performance of the PMA. Fe3O4-water magnetic nanofluid is employed as a working fluid for the manipulation inside the microchannel. In the first stage of this work, a numerical survey is conducted to determine the most suitable angular distance between permanent magnets of a pair in terms of generated magnetic field form in the microchannel region and velocity distribution of magnetic nanofluid within the semicircular microchannel when the permanent magnets are stationary. Preliminary experiments are then carried out for the stationary permanent magnets to validate the predicted flow-field results. Performance tests for different PMA speeds (7.5–30 rpm) and particle concentrations (1%–3% by vol.) indicate that it is possible to manipulate the magnetic nanofluid inside the semicircular channel within a velocity range of 58.7–940 µm s−1, which corresponds to a flow rate range of 0.56–9.02 µL min−1. The results confirm that the proposed PMA system provides flow rate requirements in analytical microfluidic applications such as low flow drug delivery (1–10 µL min−1), cell sorting (6.1 µL min−1), and pathogen detection (3–5.83 µL min−1).