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Psychological knowledge transmitted by universities in Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates is presented and some historical‐cultural roots identified. Required courses for a B.A. are similar to those in the United States. Almost all courses are taught in Arabic and offered in the Faculties of Education. Four types of psychology books are identified. Laboratories are well equipped and libraries well stocked with Arabic and English books and periodicals. Research is primarily directed towards educational‐psychological issues. Psychological tests are widely used but lack adequate standardization. Efforts are being made to develop tests locally. Psychology has not attracted enough top‐quality students and expatriate professors are in the majority. Impact is mostly felt in Special Education and the media, but not enough in management and planning. Recommendations to ameliorate the situations are suggested.

Independent measures of achievement motivation have recently been developed by Edwards (1) and McClelland et al. (2). Edwards' measure of this variable is one of fifteen that have their origin in, and bear the same names as, a list of manifest needs presented by Murray (3). They form the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule which measures a "number of relatively independent normal personality variables" (1, p. 1). Mc-Clelland's method of measuring n Achievement is also rooted in Murray, since he uses imaginative stories evoked by two TAT cards and two other pictures designed by him and his associates. He has developed a quantitative method of scoring the imaginative material in terms of n Achievement categories (2, pp. 107-138).Since both Edwards and McClelland independently measure the same variable, a high correlation is expected between the scores obtained on their two measures. The purpose of this study is to test whether such a relation exists or not. MethodThe subjects (Ss) in this experiment were 84 Arabic-speaking students in two psychology classes at the American University of Beirut. Approximately half of the Ss were citizens of Lebanon, and the other half came from Jordan, Syria, Iraq, and Bahrain. All the 5s had a good command of English, which is the language of instruction in the University. Sixty of the 5s were males. '•The author wishes to acknowledge his indebtedness to Aimee Sabbagh and Sumaya Kurani, of the Department of Psychology, for scoring the imaginative stories on the McClelland Test.

This survey deals with psychological activity in Egypt, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq, and the Persian Gulf area. Essentially academic, psychology in the Arab Near East is kindred with philosophy where the French academic tradition is prevalent, and with education and tests and measurement in areas where the British influence is strong. 26 references.