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Drawn metal wires such as copper cables, alu minium wires and steel wires have found several applica tions which have an impact on the domestic and commer cial economic uses, namely power cables, welding cables, wire ropes, wire meshes, electrode and filler wire, etc. All these applications require the use of good quality wires. However, this is not easily achieved since wire production faces many challenges. The influence of the drawing die on drawability and the need to maintain the required quality characteristics of the wire stand out among these challenges. This paper gives a background to wire draw ing by highlighting the challenges of attaining the re quired drawability and quality characteristics during wire drawing. It was found from the literature that the draw die geometry has the greatest influence on the quality of copper, aluminium and steel wire products.

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The COVID-19 pandemic global crisis has hastened transformations in all spheres of our lives and activities. The digital transformations that were taking place at snails’ pace suddenly gained pace at lightning speed due to the disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Academic publishing, a subfield of publishing which distributes academic research and scholarly works, has equally experienced renewed focus on Academic journal publishing reform. Open publication models have proved invaluable in fast and wide distribution of academic research and scholarly works during the COVID-19 pandemic disruptions. Consequently, traditional journal space is quickly giving way to online journal space.

Translation of the Bible or any other text unavoidably involves a determination about its meaning. There have been different views of meaning from ancient times up to the present, and a particularly Enlightenment and Modernist view is that the meaning of a text amounts to whatever the original author of the text intended it to be. This article analyzes the authorial-intent view of meaning in comparison with other models of literary and legal interpretation. Texts are anchors to interpretation but are subject to individualized interpretations. It is texts that are translated, not intentions. The challenge to the translator is to negotiate the meaning of a text and try to choose the most salient and appropriate interpretation as a basis for bringing the text to a new audience through translation.