Slut-shaming, the public exposure and shaming of individuals for their (perceived or actual) sexual behavior, is rife on the Internet; it primarily affects women, and it too often has tragic outcomes. Slutshaming is not new, but a form of cultural suppression of female sexuality that has been practiced since antiquity. In this paper, I historicize this phenomenon, by comparing and contrasting cases of slutshaming from the Roman Republic with recent cases on the Internet, and I maintain that the focus of this slut-shaming, namely sexual virtue, has remained the same over time, but that the unregulated nature of the Internet has increased its scope and impact. A central contention of this paper is that women have been complicit in this slut-shaming; they have shamed other women for their sexual behavior, and have done so because it conferred social benefits on them. We will see that men and women have used the Internet to perpetuate and maintain the cultural suppression of female sexuality, and expose women to increased scrutiny over their sexual behavior.

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The Far North fascinates. From antiquity to today, explorers, scholars, and poets have characterized it as 'other' , 'exotic' , or 'different'. An exemplar is that of the celebrated Japanese poet Matsuo Bashō, who went on a long journey from Edo to the northern interior of Honshu in the late seventeenth century ce and captured his experiences of this journey in his Oku no Hosomichi (The Narrow Road to the Deep North). In this work, he composed a haiku that illustrates the allure of the Far North: 風流の (fūryū no) 初やおくの (hajime ya oku no) 田植うた (taueuta).

readings using criteria that change from generation to generation. It is a ghost, and it should stay gone.