Disclinations of high strength (|S|> 1) in the hydrogen bond-induced nematic phases of palkoxycinnamic acids are reported. The existence of the disclinations of high strength is ascribed to the partial dissociation and regeneration of the hydrogen bonds in a mesastable equilibrium state around the clearing point and the core of the high strength disclination is an isotropic area.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an important model eukaryotic microorganism and widely applied in fundamental research and the production of various chemicals. Its ability to efficiently and precisely control the expression of multiple genes is valuable for metabolic engineering. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-mediated regulation enables complex gene expression programming; however, the regulation efficiency is often limited by the efficiency of pertinent regulators. Here, we developed CRISPR-mediated protein-tagging signal amplification system for simultaneous multiplexed gene activation and repression in S. cerevisiae. By introducing protein scaffolds (SPY and SunTag systems) to recruit multiple copies of regulators to different nuclease-deficient CRISPR proteins and design optimization, our system amplified gene regulation efficiency significantly. The gene activation and repression efficiencies reached as high as 34.9-fold and 95%, respectively, being 3.8- and 8.6-fold higher than those observed on the direct fusion of regulators with nuclease-deficient CRISPR proteins, respectively. We then applied the orthogonal bifunctional CRISPR-mediated transcriptional regulation system to regulate the expression of genes associated with 3-hydroxypropanoic acid production to deduce that CRISPR-associated regulator recruiting systems represent a robust method for simultaneously regulating multiple genes and rewiring metabolic pathways.

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The observation of disclination cores of high strength S=-2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -1, -8 in a smectic C phase of Schiff-base type liquid crystal (LC) is reported. The results of polarizing optical microscope (POM), differential scanning calorimetry @SC) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) prove that the sample exhibits smectic C phase. It is suggested that the formation of the high strength disclination is mainly ascribed to the stronger anchoring of LC molecules on the substrate due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between the pendent hydroxyl of the LC molecule and the substrate. Keywordshigh strength disclination, smectic liquid crystal, hydrogen bond lntrod uctionTopological defects'" in the distributions of the order parameter fields are extremely important objects of research in various of condensed-matter, such as superfluid helium 3 and 4,5*6 crystalline solids:-9 liquid crystals,'O.l' and quantum Hall fluids." Liquid crystals are ideal materials for studying topological defects.Distortions yielding defects are easily produced through control of boundary conditions, surface geometries, and external fields. The resulting defects are easily imaged optically. The many different liquid crystalline phases (nematic, cholesteric, smectic-A, smectic-C, etc.) with different symmetry ground states make it possibIe to study different kinds of defects.Schlieren texture in which a core bears several dark brushes is one of the typical textures of the liquid crystals which represents the defect of dis~lination.'~''~ The core does not change while the sample is rotated between the crossed polarizer and analyser, but the dark brushes rotate around the centre, indicating a continuous change in the direction of the optical axis. The dark brushes occur in areas in which director n of LC molecules is either parallel or perpendicular to the polarization plane of the incident beam. As follows from numerous observation^'^-^^ and theoretical s t~d i e s ,~~-~* two types of schlieren defects in nematics were reported, one is the simple planar disclination and the other is the complex disclination with a director curvature out of the plane. In the simple planar disclination, the revolution of the LC directors is limited in sample layer plane and possesses the following properties:( I ) The distribution of director around the defect is symmetrical.(2) There is a simple relation between the strength S of the defect and the number N of dark brushes in the corresponding texture: I S1 =N/4.(3) High-strength defects (IS> 1) are prohibited in nematics, because a greater S implies a greater curvature of director n and, as a result, a greater elastic energy F.According to Lavrentovich,'8*28 the complex disclination possesses an asymmetrical distribution of the LC director n, which includes the sectors with different n curvatures. In other words, the complex defect contains not only a planar radiallike distribution of director but also a director n revolution out of the layer plane.The more number of the dark brushes emanates from a core, ...

With the development of Internet technology, cloud computing has been widely applied to various industries as a new service delivery model in recent years. The cloud service providers must provide services for many customs at the same time. So a large number of different applications must be deployed and the application deployment problem becomes more and more important. How to deploy the application according to their different performance requirements has an important effect on improving the quality of service, enhancing user experience and reducing the service cost. However, for service providers, improving service quality and reducing service cost are contradictory. In this paper, the application deployment problem is modeled as the application deployment graph. Then by using the Pareto optimal thought, a multi-objective optimization algorithm is proposed. It makes that the service providers use less cost to provide the better service quality for users.