Abstract. An outbreak of malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) among bison sold at an auction market was studied for an 18-month period. Forty-five of 163 bison submitted for sale from 8 different bison farms died on 7 other destination farms. The outbreak began on day 50 after the sale, peaked between days 60 and 70, and ended on day 220. Twenty-one dead bison were confirmed to be MCF cases by clinical histories, pathology, and detection of ovine herpesvirus-2 DNA in their tissues with polymerase chain reaction assays. Twenty-four dead bison were classified as suspect MCF cases from clinical histories. No cases of MCF were observed among bison remaining on originating farms or resident bison mixed with sale bison on destination farms. There were no sheep reported within 3 km of originating or destination farms, limiting bison exposure to sheep to the auction facility, where sheep were present for less than 1 day. The outbreak provides an illustration of the temporal distribution of MCF mortality expected in bison and an estimate of the time from exposure until death from MCF after a single short exposure to sheep. The study provides evidence that bison with MCF do not transmit MCF to other bison.

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The online version of the original article can be found at http://dx

The typical wells in Liaoxi Uplift were selected to conduct studies on high-frequency sequences and their correspondences with the Milankovitch Cycles in Dongying Formation based on integrated analysis of wireline logs and sieve residue logs. The results of well JZ-E show that 37 ultra-short-term cycles, 13 short-term cycles, 8 mid-term cycles, and 5 long-term cycles are identified. Meanwhile, the correspondences between high-frequency sequences and the Milankovitch Cycles in Dongying Formation were analysed based on GR curve of well JZ-E and MATLAB procedure. The correspondences indicate that the Milankovitch Cycles are well preserved in Dongying Formation. The thickness of long-period cycles caused by eccentricity ranges from 2.7963 to 3.9965 m. The thickness of mid-term cycles caused by obliquity ranges from 1.5081 to 2.1126 m. The thickness of short-period cycles caused by precessions ranges from 0.5791 to 1.1269 m. There is a good consistency between high-frequency sequences and the Milankovitch Cycles in Dongying Formation. The mid-term cycle, short-term cycle, and ultra-short-term cycle of high-frequency sequence correspond, respectively, to long-period eccentricity, short-period eccentricity, and precession cycle of the Milankovitch Cycles. Lacustrine fluctuations caused by the change in Earth's orbit play a major role in controlling high-frequency sequences.

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