An illustrated identification key is provided to 100 genera of Phlaeothripinae from China and Southeast Asia, together with a diagnosis for each genus, and comments on the species diversity. One new genus with a new species, Akarethrips iotus gen.n. & sp.n., and two new species, Heliothripoides boltoni sp.n. and Terthrothrips strasseni sp.n., are described from specimens collected in Peninsular Malaysia and Java respectively. Three Phlaeothripinae genera are synonymised, Mychiothrips Haga & Okajima syn.n. of Veerabahuthrips Ramakrishna, Syringothrips Priesner syn.n. of GigantothripsZimmermann, and Sauridothrips Priesner syn.n. of Gynaikothrips Zimmermann. In addition, four nomenclatural changes are included, Adelphothrips ignotus (Reyes) comb.n. transferred from Mesothrips, Karnyothrips palmerae (Chen) comb.n from Xylaplothrips, Xylaplothrips bogoriensis (Karny) comb.n from Brachythrips, and Oidanothrips notabilisFeng, Guo & Duan considered as a new synonym of Oidanothrips frontalis (Bagnall).

Eight species of Liothrips are recognised from Australia, including L. burwelli sp.n., L. chionanthes sp.n. and L. timonii sp.n., also three species shared with southeast Asia. Evidence is presented that L. vaneeckei, the Lily Bulb Thrips, is widespread in eastern Australia presumably on native plants, and that it has been on this continent for many years. The illustrated identification key includes a ninth species, L. urichi, as a potential introduction to Australia for biocontrol purposes. L. brevifemur Girault is considered a nomen dubium known only from fragments of the unique holotype. Two species are newly transferred from Liothrips as Teuchothrips soror (Hood) comb. nov. and Kellyia tenuis (Hood) comb. nov. Generic relationships are discussed, particularly with one new species that is intermediate in structure between Liothrips and Gynaikothrips.

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An illustrated key is provided for the identification of 39 genera of Thysanoptera-Phlaeothripinae with species that live in association with dead branches and leaf-litter in Australia and are considered to be fungus-feeding. Seven of these genera are not previously recorded from this continent, including un-named species of Deplorothrips, Malacothrips, Mystrothrips, Preeriella and Tylothrips, together with Azaleothrips lepidus Okajima and Terthrothrips ananthakrishnani Kudo. A brief generic diagnosis is provided for each genus, together with comments on systematic problems and numbers of species.

Seven species of Bactrothrips Karny are recognized from China, based on morphological and molecular data, including Bactrothrips elongatus n. sp. and B. furvescrus n. sp. Meiothrips baishanzuensis Duan & Li is a new synonym of B. brevitubus Takahashi, and Bactrothrips brevitubus zhamanus Han & Zhang is a new synonym of B. pictipes Haga & Okajima. Molecular evidence provides clear relationships in the N-J tree among species studied here. A generic diagnosis and key to Chinese Bactrothrips species are also given.