Four transition metal energetic complexes with 5,5′‐bistetrazole‐1,1′‐diolatedehydrate (BTO) have been synthesized and structurally characterized by FT‐IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and single X‐ray diffraction. The thermal decomposition processes of the complexes and BTO were studied by means of the TG‐TDA technologies. The compatibility of the four complexes with RDX, HMX, NC, and Al powder was also investigated. Sensitivity tests reveal that the complexes are more insensitive to mechanical stimuli than RDX.

5,5′‐Bistetrazole‐1,1′‐diolate‐based energetic salts from alkaline (Li+, K+, and Na+) and alkaline earth metal salts (Mg2+, Ca2+, and Ba2+) were synthesized in a simple, straightforward manner and were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction of 4 salts (Li+, Na+, K+, and Mg2+) is given. The X‐ray structures show that in the title compounds, the metal atoms are bonded to the nitrogen and oxygen in the bistetrazole ring to form the sandwich structure. In addition, thermal stabilities of all title compounds were determined with differential thermal analysis‐thermal gravity analysis. All these new materials exhibit excellent thermal stabilities, high density, and excellent insensitivity to impact (h50 > 60 cm). Especially, the potassium salt is of interest as potential “green heat‐resistance explosive” with high density and high thermal stability as well as low sensitivity.

The plug door system is an important guarantee of the safe operation of the emu, since it has structural redundancy, correlation function and fault dynamic characteristics, this paper uses the dynamic fault tree analysis method for reliability analysis. In deep understanding of the basis of the structure and working principle of the plug door, dynamic fault tree model is established by the way of structure ontology, Module iteration is introduced , and the Markov method is adopted to solve the reliability. At the last, we obtained the equipment failure rate and the reliability of the whole system.

Based on the principle of heat transfer, a monitoring software package about identifying erosion profile of submerged arc furnace with “freeze” lining is developed by VC++. Reliability of traditional lining without monitoring system and “freeze” lining with monitoring software are evaluated by Fuzzy FMECA Method. There is a conclusion can be draw that the hazard rating of submerged arc furnace with traditional lining is 2.9094.This value of “freeze” lining is 2.1087.The result indicates that adopting the “freeze” lining with monitoring software can drop the potential safety hazard effectively and reduce casualties.