The expression of GDF9 and BMP15 in ovarian tissues varies among the developmental stages in both oocytes and granulosa cells in human ovarian tissues. The expression of these proteins is reduced and delayed in the early follicular stage in PCOS ovarian tissues, and these differences in expression may be associated with aberrant follicular development in patients with PCOS.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of sequential embryo transfer in patients with repeated IVF failure. A retrospective matched case-control study was conducted and the outcomes of 213 patients with a history of repeated IVF-embryo transfer failure were analysed, of which 33 women underwent sequential embryo transfer on day 2 and day 3 (D2/D3 group), 66 women on day 3 and day 5 (D3/D5 group), 85 women underwent day-3 embryo transfer only (D3 control group) and 29 women underwent day-5 embryo transfer only (D5 control group) in the assisted reproduction centre of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from August 2010 to December 2011. The results showed that the clinical pregnancy rate of the D2/D3 group was higher than that of the D3 group (48.5% versus 22.4%, P=0.006) while the clinical pregnancy rates of the D3/D5 and D5 groups were not significantly different (50.9% versus 45.8%). Day-2 and day-3 sequential embryo transfer may improve the clinical outcomes for patients with repeated IVF-embryo transfer failures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of sequential embryo transfer in patients with repeated IVF failure. A retrospective matched case-control study was conducted and the outcomes of 213 patients with a history of repeated IVF-embryo transfer failure were analysed, of which 33 women underwent sequential embryo transfer on day 2 and day 3 (D2/D3 group), 66 women on day 3 and day 5 (D3/D5 group), 85 women underwent day-3 embryo transfer only (D3 control group) and 29 women underwent day-5 embryo transfer only (D5 control group) in the assisted reproduction centre of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from August 2010 to December 2011. The results showed that the clinical pregnancy rate of the D2/D3 group was higher than that of the D3 group (48.5% versus 22.4%, P=0.006) while the clinical pregnancy rates of the D3/D5 and D5 groups were not significantly different (50.9% versus 45.8%). Day-2 and day-3 sequential embryo transfer may improve the clinical outcomes for patients with repeated IVF-embryo transfer failures.

Purpose To explore the effects of controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) on the expression of growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) in oocytes and granulosa cells from patients with or without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods This case-control study was conducted in the university affiliated hospital. The study comprised four groups of patients: eighteen PCOS patients with COS (stimulated-PCOS) and twenty-two PCOS patients without COS (unstimulated-PCOS), twenty-nine normal ovulatory women with COS (stimulated-control) and twenty-eight normal ovulatory women without COS (unstimulated-control). The oocytes and granulosa cells were collected and the abundance of GDF9 and BMP15 mRNA in the cells were detected by nested quantitative real-time PCR. Results The abundance of GDF9 and BMP15 mRNA was significantly higher both in oocytes (P<0.01, P<0.001, respectively) and GCs (P<0.01, P<0.05, respectively) from stimulated-control group than in unstimulated-control group. However, there was no significant difference for GDF9 or BMP15 mRNA in oocytes from stimulated-PCOS goup compared with unstimulated-PCOS group (P>0.05, P>0.05, respectively). The abundance of GDF9 mRNA was significantly lower (P<0.01) while the abundance of BMP15 mRNA was significantly higher (P<0.001) in GCs from stimulated-PCOS group than in unstimulated-PCOS group. Conclusions The controlled ovarian stimulation can promote the expression of GDF9 and BMP15 both in oocytes and GCs from normal ovulatory women. However, the stimulating effects may be inhibited in oocytes from PCOS patients, which subsequently impair cytoplasm maturation and lead to poor oocyte quality.

The rFA and ipsilateral FA values after 2 weeks of stroke onset correlate with the motor function outcome.

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