Transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) nanolayers show potential as high-performance catalysts in energy conversion and storage devices. Synthetic TMDs produced by chemical-vapor deposition (CVD) methods tend to grow parallel to the growth substrate. Here, we show that with the right precursors and appropriate tuning of the CVD growth conditions, ReS2 nanosheets can be made to orient perpendicular to the growth substrate. This accomplishes two important objectives; first, it drastically increases the wetted or exposed surface area of the ReS2 sheets, and second, it exposes the sharp edges and corners of the ReS2 sheets. We show that these structural features of the vertically grown ReS2 sheets can be exploited to significantly improve their performance as polysulfide immobilizers and electrochemical catalysts in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries and in hydrogen evolution reactions (HER). After 300 cycles, the specific capacity of the Li-S battery with vertical ReS2 catalyst is retained above 750 mA h g(-1), with only ∼0.063% capacity decay per cycle, much better than the baseline battery (without ReS2), which shows ∼0.184% capacity decay per cycle under the same test conditions. As a HER catalyst, the vertical ReS2 provides very small onset overpotential (<100 mV) and an exceptional exchange-current density (∼67.6 μA/cm(2)), which is vastly superior to the baseline electrode without ReS2.
Based on the study of a known host-guest inclusion complex comprising cucurbit [6]uril (Q[6]) and a hemicyanine dye, trans-4- [4-(dimethylamino)styryl]-1-pyridinium iodide (t-DSMI), a water-soluble symmetric tetramethylcucurbit[6]uril (TMeQ[6]), was selected to construct a t-DSMI-based probe to test the response to various metal cations in neutral water. The experimental results IntroductionCucurbit[n]urils (Q[n]s) [1][2][3][4][5][6] are generally characterized by a nearly neutral electro-potential cavity and two negative electro-potential carbonyl-fringed portals, in addition to a positive electro-potential outer surface: the cavities of Q[n]s can accommodate various guest molecules through hydrophobic interactions, resulting in characteristic cucurbit[n]uril chemistry known as Q[n]-based host-guest chemistry; [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] Additionally, carbonyl groups on the rims of the portals of Q[n]s can interact with metal ions through direct coordination, resulting in distinct Q[n]-based coordination chemistry; [18][19][20][21] Furthermore, the positive electro-potential outer surface of Q[n]s can induce the formation of various novel supramolecular assemblies thorough the outer surface interaction of cucurbit[n]urils, which is another emerging research field in cucurbit[n]uril chemistry. [22] To date, Q[n]-based host-guest chemistry and Q[n]based coordination chemistry have received most attention in Q[n] research, including molecular machines or switches, [23] materials science, supramolecular materials and polymers, [15,24] life science, [25] catalysis, [13,14] sensors and other applications.Cucurbit[n]urils (Q[n]s) can interact with both guests (G) and metal cations (M n+ ), respectively. but exactly how metal cations affect the interaction between cucurbit[n]urils and guests remains poorly understood. Similar, how guests affect the coordination be- [a] 1212 revealed that the probe responded to Cs + cations in alkali metal systems, Ba 2+ and Sr 2+ cations in alkaline earth metal systems, Eu 3+ , Tm 3+ and Yb 3+ cations in lanthanide systems, and Cr 3+ , Fe 3+ and Hg 2+ cations in systems containing transition and other metal cations, via obvious fluorescence quenching.
In the present work, we investigated guest-host interactions between the palmatine guest and the Q[8] host. The results revealed the formation of a 1:2 host-guest inclusion complex accompanied by strong fluorescence emission. Using the palmatine@Q[8] inclusion complex as a fluorescent probe, we detect various metal cations, including alkali (A + ), alkaline earth (AE 2 + ), transition (Tr n + ) and lanthanides (Ln 3 + ) metal cations. The probe underwent fluorescence quenching only with ferric metal cations, demonstrating its ability to specifically detect Fe 3 + ions.
The Inside Cover picture shows distinctive site occupancy of alkaline‐earth ions within garnet frameworks. The modified garnets show superior conduct properties. More details can be found in the Communication by S. F. Song et al. on page 266 in Issue 2, 2017 (DOI: 10.1002/celc.201600639).
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