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To support an increasing amount of various new applications in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), routing protocol design has become an important research challenge. In this paper, we propose a Bipolar Traffic Density Awareness Routing (BTDAR) protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks. The BTDAR aims at providing reliable and efficient packets delivery for dense and sparse vehicle traffic network environments. Two distinct routing protocols are designed to find an optimal packet delivery path in varied vehicular networks. In dense networks, a link-stability based routing protocol is designed to take vehicles connectivity into consideration in its path selection policy and maximize the stability of intervehicle communications. In sparse networks, a min-delay based routing protocol is proposed to select an optimal route by analyzing intermittent vehicle connectivity and minimize packets delivery latency. Intervehicles connectivity model is analyzed. The performance of BTDAR is examined by comparisons with three distinct VANET routing protocols. Simulation results show that the BTDAR outperforms compared counterpart routing protocols in terms of packet delivery delay and packet delivery ratio.

Immunomagnetic reduction (IMR) is a method to assay biomolecules by utilizing antibody functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. For clinical validation, important analytic performances of assaying carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) using IMR are characterized. Furthermore, IMR is applied to assay carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in human serum for clinical validation. A total of 118 healthy controls and 79 patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) are recruited in this study. For comparison, assays using chemiluminometric immunoassay (CLIA) are also done for quantizing CEA in these serum samples. The results reveal a high correlation in terms of serum CEA concentration detected via IMR and CLIA is found (r = 0.963). However, IMR shows higher clinical sensitivity and specificity than those of CLIA. Moreover, the rate of false positives for smoking subjects is clearly reduced through the use of IMR. All the results demonstrate IMR is a promising alternative assay for serum CEA to diagnose CRC.

Emerging technologies such as Body Sensor Networks (BSN) and Remote Health Monitoring Systems (RHMS) allow for collecting continuous data from patients, providing clinical interventions to improve patients' physical and mental health, and to prevent medically adverse events. Although RHMS have shown promises in reducing healthcare costs and improving quality of care, designing a robust, flexible and portable RHMS that can adequately handle technological and environmental restrictions such as data communication disruptions caused by low-quality infrastructure is by large an open problem. In this paper we present an end-to-end robust RHMS including body area networks for monitoring and management of patients with HIV/AIDS. The proposed system includes an Android application to be installed on mobile devices to collect and preprocess data from patients, a wireless body area network to handle data communication and transmission, and a backend cloud-based server coupled with a NoSQL database and webportal for data visualization and analysis. The proposed system addresses a number of serious challenges in RHMS design including data transmission and synchronization in a body area network with poor network connection (e.g. in a rural area with poor or unavailable internet connection). The proposed system is fully implemented and deployed in a large research study involving 600 women living with HIV/AIDS in rural parts of India. The results demonstrate the effectiveness, reliability, robustness, and accuracy of the proposed RHMS.

Broadcasting schemes, such as the fast broadcasting and harmonic broadcasting schemes, significantly reduce the bandwidth requirement of video-on-demand services. In the real world, some history events are very hot. For example, every year in March, thousands of people connect to Internet to watch the live show of Oscar Night. Such actions easily cause the networks contested. However, the schemes mentioned previously cannot alleviate the problem because they do not support live broadcasting. In this paper, we analyze the requirements for transferring live videos. Based on the requirements, a time skewing approach is proposed to enable the broadcasting schemes to support live broadcasting. However, the improved schemes require extra bandwidth for live broadcasting once the length of live shows exceeds the default. Accordingly, we proposed a scalable binomial broadcasting scheme to transfer live videos using constant bandwidth by increasing clients’ waiting time. When the scheme finds that the length of a video exceeds the default, it doubles the length of to-be-played segments and then its required bandwidth is constant.