To better respond to people’s demands for multimedia learning, appropriate learn-ing paths should be offered based on their actual learning demands and different knowledge levels. Adaptive online learning model integrates and improves exist-ing learning frameworks to offer a set of knowledge paths that can cater to dif-fer7ent preferences, tastes, and knowledge levels of learners, no need for them to be aware of this. Based on the improved ant colony algorithm, an adaptive learn-ing system model that can satisfy learners’ demands is built herein with reference to the foraging approach of ants to traverse the paths, thereby to find the best learning path, while the classification method for some learning objects can de-termine the search parameters. This innovative approach proposed hereof can help improve learners' academic performance and learning efficiency.