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This review focuses on the probable anti-cancer mechanisms of human amniotic membrane (AM) that may be very helpful for ongoing cancer research activities with AM. A thorough search was conducted on PubMed for any published literature on the anti-cancer role of human AM using the key words, e.g., AM, function of AM, angiogenesis prevention, apoptosis induction by AM. No particular exclusion criteria were set. We selected resources from 1960 to 2018 with special focus on articles published during the last 7 years that revealed information regarding AM-derived factors and their specific functions to prevent cancer. Many studies suggest that human AM-derived epithelial stem cells (AM-hAECs) and mesenchymal stem cells (AM-hMSCs) secrete various factors, e.g., thrombospondin (TSP), tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase (TIMP), plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAI), IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN), granulocyte monocyte-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), cytokines specially IL-6 and IL-10, various essential markers, and proteins which most predominantly increase the AM's anti-cancer activity. This work gives an overview of the latest findings on AM function and evaluates its potential use in cancer treatment. Though various researches are being performed now on the anti-neoplastic properties of AM, the mechanism of these effects is not clear yet. Therefore, it has a great demand to unveil the mood of action of AM as to exert anti-cancer activity. From the meta-analysis of previous data, this review has pointed out an anti-cancer mechanism of AM that would help to use it as an anti-cancer therapy.

The tanning industry is held to be an activity with the high budding for environmental pollution all over the world. Many Bacterial strains isolated from natural resources have been found to possess unique properties which make them useful for environmental cleans ups. So it is very important to find out an alternative ecofriendly way for the treatment of contaminated effluent. The objective of this study was to isolate, explore and pick out natural occurring bacteria capable of reducing heavy metals from tannery effluent collected from the Hazaribagh tannery industry of Dhaka. The pH value of all the effluents samples were ranged from 7.12 to 7.91.  Five bacterial strains were confirmed as Bacillus bataviensis, Bacillus aryabhattai, Micrococcus antarcticus, Bacillus proteolyticus and Bacillus paranthracis on the basis of their morphological, cultural, biochemical, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Among these five strains, Bacillus bataviensisD1 exhibited higher resistance to cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) up to the amount of 550 µg/mL, 500 µg/mL, 500 µg/mL, 1050 µg/mL and 1100µg/mL respectively. Bacillus aryabhattai D2 and Micrococcus antarcticus D3 showed similar result to chromium (Cr) and Lead (Pb), but Bacillus proteolyticus B1 showed higher resistance to nickel (Ni) that is up to 250 µg/mL. From these results, it can be suggested that the identified heavy metal-adapted bacteria could be useful for the biosorption of heavy metal contaminated effluent.