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This study has served as more encouraging signs that constructed wetlands (CWs) can incorporate microbial fuel cells (MFCs) into their design to produce electrical energy while treating wastewater. Two 3.7 L CW-MFCs have been constructed to treat swine wastewater with one (System 1) operated in batch mode while the other (System 2) was operated in continuous, upward flow mode and incorporated air diffusion heads to aerate the cathode.

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Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology offers the dual advantages of wastewater treatment andDownloaded by [New York University] at 20:08 03 July 2015 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 2 electricity generation. Research efforts have been made to improve its power output. However,MFC seems limited at pilot scale and power outputs appear to have plateaued. As such, some integrated technologies have emerged based on MFC. These hybrid technologies have the larger potential for scaling-up and practical application compared with the pure MFC. Therefore, this review is to present these emerged technologies and discuss the development tendency and the challenges. The review can hopefully provide a framework to identify priorities for further research on this area.

No abstract