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AIM: Being diagnosed as Brain Stem Dead is a very challenging experience for families. Most research regarding brain stem death focuses on Organ Donation and there is currently little research into families’ experience of brain stem death. The aim is to review the family’s experience of brain stem death. DESIGN: Systematic review METHOD: A narrative synthesis was conducted for 9 studies including qualitative and quantitative study designs. Four electronic databases: AHMED (Allied and Complimentary Medicine), Emcare (1995-present), Medline (Ovid) and APA Psych Info (Ovid) were searched. No limit was placed on date of publishing due to this being a relatively under researched topic. The original search was conducted on 4th November 2021 and rerun on 6th December 2022 to ensure the inclusion of any new published studies. RESULTS: Six main themes were identified, including: The Unexpected Prognosis; Coming to terms with brain stem death- grieving process; Request for organ donation; Observing brain stem death testing; The impact of staff on families’ experience; and the lasting impact. CONCLUSION: Families of patients with brain stem death are often left with a lack of understanding surrounding the diagnosis, the process, and the short and long term distress it can cause. There is need for research into family’s experiences and brain stem death testing specifically so that more reliable data can be produced. There is a need to establish national, or international practice surrounding family care in intensive care in cases of brain stem death. This review highlights the importance of establishing specific brain stem death protocols, enabling more effective and consistent support for families.
The program is designed to meet the human resources needs of the hospitality and tourism sector of the country. This program will give students a professional insight into the hospitality and tourism industry plus a set of core management skills for finance, marketing, statistics, and human resources. Prerequisites: Eligibility: A pass in the XIIth standard. Selection Process: Admission for the 30 seats based on merit. • Credits: 282 total minimum credits for the program (204 theory and 78 practicals) • The program is structured on modern lines following Trimester system, Credit and Credit transfer system, Grades rather than marks, Continuous internal assessment, Active learning methodology, Use of a Course management system etc. The 5 year integrated program is conducted over 19 terms which includes 12 terms for BBA. • The program allows the students to take up project works. • In addition to class room activities, all students are given the opportunity to actively develop their professional competence through excursions and field trips to corporations, organizations, hotels and other places of interest.
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