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This research aimed to evaluate the air quality, by determining the concentrations of PM 2.5-10 , PM 2.5 and the metallic elements Al, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and Hg in the leaf part of ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in an area close to Schmidt Stream, at the lower section of Sinos River Basin (SRB), in a research campaign of six months, from October 2013 to March 2014. The particles collected in the PM sampling were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) combined with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS), in order to study their morphology and chemical composition. The mean concentration of PM 2.5-10 was 9.1 µg m . Concentrations of metallic elements, especially Pb, Cr and Zn, were classified as Class 4 (very high pollution levels), according to the classification proposed by Klumpp et al. (2004). Chemical and morphological analysis of PM revealed the presence of particles of biological origin, soot (Cr, Fe, Ni, Zn, Cd, Hg and Pb), salts (KCl) and soil resuspension (Al and Si). The integrated study methodology, employing environmental variables, such as PM and ryegrass, can be of help in the preparation of wide-ranging environmental diagnoses, in addition providing information needed to develop precautionary measures designed to minimize the effects of atmospheric pollution that takes into consideration the environment's supportive capacity and environmental quality.Keywords: air pollution, particulate matter, biomonitoring, lolium multiflorum, mev/eds. Klumpp et al. (2004). A caracterização química e morfológica das partículas coletadas revelou a presença de fuligem (Cr, Fe, Ni, Zn, Cd, Hg e Pb), materiais biológicos, cristais salinos (KCl) e partículas ressuspensas de poeira do solo (Al e Si). Estudos integrados empregando variáveis ambientais como o MP e o biomonitoramento com azevém podem auxiliar na elaboração de diagnósticos ambientais robustos, além de fornecer informações para o desenvolvimento de medidas de precaução que considerem a capacidade de suporte do meio ambiente e que visem à minimização dos efeitos prejudiciais da poluição atmosférica. Concentrações de MPPalavras-chave: poluição atmosférica, material particulado, biomonitoramento, lolium multiflorum, mev/eds.

One of the biggest environmental problems existing today is air pollution, which is characterized by the presence of toxic gases and metal pollutants, the latter of which is generally associated with emissions of particulate matter (PM) from industries or automotive vehicles. Biomonitoring is a method that can be used to assess air pollution levels because it makes it possible to determine what effects these air pollutants cause in living organisms and their responses. The species Lolium multiflorum Lam., known as ryegrass, is considered a good bioindicator of metals, since it accumulates these substances during exposure. This study proposes to conduct an integrated assessment of air quality using two different monitoring methodologies: biomonitoring with L. multiflorum and active monitoring in areas with different levels of urbanization and industrialization. Concentrations found in ryegrass plants revealed high levels of Pb, Cr, Zn, and Cu, indicating that vehicular and industrial emissions were the main sources of pollution. Analysis of PM also revealed soot and biogenic particles, which can transport metals. Therefore, with the proposed method, the anthropogenic impact on air pollution in the investigated area could be clearly demonstrated.

Recycling Footwear Industry Waste and Evaluation the Deterioration in SoilAbstract: The production of footwear generates various residues, such as cotton fabric flaps and rubber chips, which are materials that have characteristics that make it difficult to recycle. Thus, the objective of this study is the mechanical recycling of these residues, obtaining blends of these residues with Capro-PU and EVA. They are processed mechanically by comminution, extrusion and pelletizing, obtaining chemically analyzed materials and subsequently submitted to the injection and lamination processes in order to observe the characteristics in the form of industrialized products. The materials were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and CO 2 release rate evaluation. The recycled materials were subjected to the lamination and injection processes where they were evaluated according to characteristic tests for the production of assembly insoles. By the TGA, it was possible to verify that the blends had a greater thermal stability when compared to the pure consumables. Regarding the mechanical tests, all blends were within the limits established by the PFI and showed values of CO 2 release rate higher than the values of the test only with the fabric, since this is a biodegradable material. Thus, it is observed that the present study is a breakthrough for materials processing technology, creating new products with suitable characteristics for manufacturing processes and presenting microbiological degradation capacity, when discarded in soil.Keywords: Recycling; Mechanical processing; Footwear; Solid waste; Microbiological degradation. ResumoA produção de calçados geram diversos resíduos, tais como retalhos de tecido de algodão e aparas de borracha, que são materiais que apresentam características que dificultam sua reciclagem. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é a reciclagem mecânica destes resíduos, obtendo blendas destes resíduos com Capro-PU e EVA. Sendo processados mecanicamente por cominuição, extrusão e peletização, obtendo-se materiais analisados quimicamente e posteriormente submetidos aos processos de injeção e laminação a fim de observar as características na forma de produtos industrializados. Os materiais foram caracterizados por ensaios de Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura, análise termogravimétrica e avaliação da taxa de liberação de CO 2. Os materiais reciclados foram submetidos aos processos de laminação e injeção onde foram avaliados de acordo com ensaios característicos para a produção de palmilhas de montagem. Pelo TGA foi possível verificar que as blendas ficaram com uma maior estabilidade térmica quando comparado aos insumos puros. Em relação aos ensaios mecânicos, todas as blendas ficaram dentro dos limites estabelecidos pelo PFI e apresentaram valores de taxa de liberação de CO 2 superiores aos valores do ensaio somente com o tecido, visto que este é um material biodegradável. Desta forma, observa-se que o presente estudo é um avanço para a tecnologia de processamento de mater...