Low-intensity extracorporeal shockwave therapy (Li-ESWT) has been reported as a useful and noninvasive treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED). Systematic review and meta-analysis are utilized to evaluate the efficacy of Li-ESWT by comparing the changes in the International Index of Erectile Function erectile function domain (IIEF-EF) and the Erection Hardness Score (EHS) versus sham therapy in men with ED. A systematic search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, CBM, CNKI, WANGFANG, and VIP was conducted to obtain randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in peer-reviewed journals or presented in abstract forms of Li-ESWT for ED treatment from January 2010 to June 2018. If RCTs are published in peer-reviewed literature and IIEF-EF scores and EHS are used to assess erectile function outcomes, they are eligible for inclusion. A meta-analysis was used to summarize the estimates. The meta-analysis included seven RCTs involving 522 participants. The data revealed that men treated with Li-ESWT showed significant improvement in pooled mean IIEF-EF scores from baseline to follow-up compared with sham therapy (MD: 1.99 points; 95% CI [1.35, 2.63]; p < .00001). Changes in the IIEF-EF score increased significantly in the treatment group (MD: 3.62; 95% CI [2.99, 4.25]; p < .00001). The EHS increased significantly in the treatment group in four studies (OR: 16.02; 95% CI [7.93, 32.37]; p < .00001). Patients with moderate and/or severe ED reported better results in mean IIEF scores (MD: 3.95; 95% CI [2.44, 5.46]; p < .00001). In meta-analysis of seven RCTs with men who received Li-ESWT for ED, there was evidence that the IIEF-EF and EHS experienced improvements following Li-ESWT.

Vasectomy is a simple, safe, effective, and economical method used worldwide for long-term male contraception. As a surgical operation, it has short-term and long-term complications such as hematoma formation, infection, sterilization failure, sperm granulomas, short-term postoperative pain (nodal pain, scrotal pain, and ejaculation pain), and chronic pain syndrome. Whether it increases the risk of autoimmune disease, cardiovascular disease, testicular cancer, or prostate cancer is still controversial. Changes in plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and testosterone after vasectomy have also been studied, as well as the relation between vasectomy and sexual function. Sperm quality decreases very slowly after vasectomy, and vasovasostomy and intracytoplasmic sperm injection could help a couple achieve a pregnancy if they change their minds at any point. We include a follow-up strategy and suggestions for follow-up care at the end of this review.

Objective Following the emergence of a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, and its spread outside of Wuhan, China, the human society has experienced a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). While the development of vaccine and pharmaceutical treatment has been undergoing, government authorities in China implemented unprecedented non-pharmaceutical interventions as primary barriers to curb the spread of the deadly SARS-CoV-2. Although the decline of COVID-19 cases coincided with this implementation of interventions, we looked for evidence to demonstrate the efficacy of these interventions, since artifactual factors, such as the environment, the pathogen itself, and the phases of epidemic, may also alter the pattern of case development. Methods We surveyed common viral respiratory infections that have a similar pattern of transmission, tropism, and clinical manifestation as COVID-19 under such interventions during this season with pandemic, and compared it with historical data in previous seasons without the interventions. Results Our survey shows that the rates for common respiratory infections, such as influenza and respiratory syncytial virus infections, decreased dramatically from previous annual 13.7% (95% CI, 10.82-16.58) and 4.64% (95% CI, 2.88-7.64) to 0.73% (95% CI, 0.02-1.44) and 0.0%, respectively, in this season. Conclusions Our surveillance provides compelling evidence that the interventions are cost-effective ways to curb the spread of contagious agents, and may be the only practical approach to limiting the evolving of epidemic until vaccine and pharmaceutical treatment are available.

Introduction: With the widespread spread of novel coronavirus pneumonia, more and more countries have been affected. Some research reports have shown that traditional Chinese medicine has a significant effect on COVID-19 infection, and the treatment of traditional Chinese medicine is used in some special people, such as children. At present, there is a lack of high-quality systematic reviews on the safety and efficacy of using Chinese medicine to treat children with novel coronavirus pneumonia. Materials and methods: We will search Cochran library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), China Biomedical Database (CBM), VIP Database (VIP), and Wanfang database for research. This study includes randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs, and uses the Cochrane systematic review to review the safety and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine in preventing and treating children with novel coronavirus pneumonia. RCT research tools and quantitative research quality assessment tools for non-randomized studies will be used to assess the risk of bias in studies included in the systematic review. We will use Revman 5.3 software for meta-analysis, the main result is odds ratio, and then a subgroup analysis will be performed based on the age, intervention degree, and disease severity of the patients reviewed. Ethics and dissemination: This systematic review protocol is designed to provide evidence regarding the effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of children with COVID-19, such evidence may be useful and important for clinical treatment decisions. The results should be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Since the data and results used in the systematic review will be extracted exclusively from published studies, approval from an ethics committee will not be required. Registration information: PROSPERO CRD42020179150.

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